This project aims to produce the first substantive history of Australian women small business owners in the long twentieth century. It introduces new methodologies and new directions to both business and feminist history. It seeks to provide new knowledge about the gendered nature of economic, legal and networking structures and how they have impeded or supported female participation in small business, along with tracing representations of businesswomen over time. Through this project, broader, socially-embedded and historically-informed understandings of how gender has operated in business will be enabled, thereby making valuable contributions to current debates about gender, diversity and small business.