Economic theory suggests pathways to innovation and ‘tipping points’ in IP development based on the experiences of a few technology trailblazing economies. This project will show the introduction and operation of IP in Indonesia over the last thirty years as a typical example for middle income developing countries and newcomers to the IP system. It will analyze hundreds of court decisions that have recently become available, dozens of implementing laws and the institutions supporting IP. It will show the bargaining processes about the future of the system between the government and foreign investors as well as citizens and between different institutions, thereby providing valuable information to Australian businesses and the government.