Dynastic Legitimacy and Ruler Representation in Hellenistic Royal Metropoleis: A Comparative Study of the Seleukid and Ptolemaic "Policy of Images"

The project examines the processes employed by the Ptolemies and the Seleukids to construct and broadcast images of royal legitimacy in their capitals through systematic interface with local groups and their traditions. While following the approach that questions the ‘top down’ Hellenization of Babylonia and Egypt, our project offers new insights (1) by tracing the origins and adaptation(s) of the royal symbols endorsed in the dynastic capitals; (2) by drawing attention to the role of gender in ruler representation; and (3) by applying a comparative approach between the two regimes, given Seleukos’ reliance on Ptolemy for establishing his dynasty but also, the ongoing interaction of their lines even during the Syrian Wars. Both dynasties built new capitals although their kingdoms boasted famous urban hubs dedicated to promoting ruler legitimacy: these older metropoleis had projected royal images for centuries, providing influential models to the Hellenistic kings who sought to write themselves in the history of world leaders. Old and new royal capitals, then, hold a mirror to Hellenistic images of charismatic leadership, later embraced by the Romans and their Christian heirs.