Children who have sustained a serious injury or who have a chronic health condition, such as diabetes, epilepsy, asthma or mental health disorder, may have their school performance adversely impacted by the condition, treatment of the condition or time away from school. This study aims to examine education performance, school completion and health outcomes of children and young people in New South Wales (NSW) Australia who were hospitalised with an injury or a chronic health condition compared with children and young people who have not been hospitalised for these conditions. This is a retrospective population-level case-comparison study of hospitalised injured or chronically ill children aged 18 years or less using linked health and education administrative data collections. The comparison population is randomly selected from birth records and is matched on age, sex, and residential postcode.