3D printing of alginate/chitosan-based scaffold empowered by tyrosol-loaded niosome for wound healing applications: in vitro and in vivo performances

Farzaneh Mahmoudi Beram, Saba Naeimaei Ali, Ghazal Mesbahian, Fatemeh Pashizeh, Mohammadhosein Keshvadi, Farzaneh Mashayekhi, Behnoosh Khodadadi, Zahra Bashiri, Alaa Moeinzadeh, Niloufar Rezaei, Saina Namazifard, Nikoo Hossein-Khannazer*, Mohammad Tavakkoli Yaraki*

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

7 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

This study introduces a tyrosol-loaded niosome integrated into a chitosan-alginate scaffold (Nio-Tyro@CS-AL), employing advanced electrospinning and 3D printing techniques for wound healing applications. The niosomes, measuring 185.40 ± 6.40 nm with a polydispersity index of 0.168 ± 0.012, encapsulated tyrosol with an efficiency of 77.54 ± 1.25%. The scaffold’s microsized porous structure (600-900 μm) enhances water absorption, promoting cell adhesion, migration, and proliferation. Mechanical property assessments revealed the scaffold’s enhanced resilience, with niosomes increasing the compressive strength, modulus, and strain to failure, indicative of its suitability for wound healing. Controlled tyrosol release was demonstrated in vitro, essential for therapeutic efficacy. The scaffold exhibited significant antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus, with substantial biofilm inhibition and downregulation of bacterial genes (ndvb and icab). A wound healing assay highlighted a notable increase in MMP-2 and MMP-9 mRNA expression and the wound closure area (69.35 ± 2.21%) in HFF cells treated with Nio-Tyro@CS-AL. In vivo studies in mice confirmed the scaffold’s biocompatibility, showing no significant inflammatory response, hypertrophic scarring, or foreign body reaction. Histological evaluations revealed increased fibroblast and macrophage activity, enhanced re-epithelialization, and angiogenesis in wounds treated with Nio-Tyro@CS-AL, indicating effective tissue integration and repair. Overall, the Nio-Tyro@CS-AL scaffold presents a significant advancement in wound-healing materials, combining antibacterial properties with enhanced tissue regeneration, and holds promising potential for clinical applications in wound management.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)1449-1468
Number of pages20
JournalACS Applied Bio Materials
Volume7
Issue number3
Early online date5 Mar 2024
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 18 Mar 2024

Keywords

  • 3D printing
  • antibacterial and antibiofilm activity
  • chitosan-alginate scaffold
  • tyrosol
  • wound dressing

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