4MOST: 4-metre multi-object spectroscopic telescope

Roelof S. de Jong; Sam Barden; Olga Bellido-Tirado; Joar Brynnel; Cristina Chiappini; Éric Depagne; Roger Haynes; Diana Johl; Daniel P. Phillips; Olivier Schnurr; Axel Schwope; Jakob Walcher; Svend-Marian Bauer; Gabriele Cescutti; Maria-Rosa Cioni; Frank Dionies; Harry Enke; Dionne Haynes; Andreas Kelz; Francisco S. Kitaura; Georg Lamer; Ivan Minchev; Volker Müller; Sebastián E. Nuza; Jean Christophe Olaya; Tilmann Piffl; Emil Popow; Allar Saviauk; Matthias Steinmetz; Uğur Ural; Monica Valentini; Roland Winkler; Lutz Wisotzki; Wolfgang R. Ansorge; Manda Banerji; Eduardo Gonzalez Solares; Mike Irwin; Robert C. Kennicutt, Jr.; David King; Richard McMahon; Sergey Koposov; Ian R. Parry; Xiaowei Sun; Nicholas A. Walton; Gert Finger; Olaf Iwert; Mirko Krumpe; Jean Louis Lizon; Vincenzo Mainieri; Jean Philippe Amans; Piercarlo Bonifacio; Matthieu Cohen; Patrick François; Pascal Jagourel; Shan B. Mignot; Frédéric Royer; Paola Sartoretti; Ralf Bender; Hans Joachim Hess; Florian Lang-Bardl; Bernard Muschielok; Jörg Schlichter; Hans Böhringer; Thomas Boller; Angela Bongiorno; Marcella Brusa; Tom Dwelly; Andrea Merloni; Kirpal Nandra; Mara Salvato; Johannes H. Pragt; Ramón Navarro; Gerrit Gerlofsma; Ronald Roelfsema; Gavin B. Dalton; Kevin F. Middleton; Ian A. Tosh; Corrado Boeche; Elisabetta Caffau; Norbert Christlieb; Eva K. Grebel; Camilla J. Hansen; Andreas Koch; Hans G. Ludwig; Holger Mandel; Andreas Quirrenbach; Luca Sbordone; Walter Seifert; Guido Thimm; Amina Helmi; Scott C. Trager; Thomas Bensby; Sofia Feltzing; Gregory Ruchti; Bengt Edvardsson; Andreas Korn; Karin Lind; Wilfried Boland; Matthew Colless; Gabriella Frost; James Gilbert; Peter Gillingham; Jon Lawrence; Neville Legg; Will Saunders; Andrew Sheinis; Simon Driver; Aaron Robotham; Roland Bacon; Patrick Caillier; Johan Kosmalski; Florence Laurent; Johan Richard

doi:10.1117/12.2055826

4MOST: 4-metre multi-object spectroscopic telescope

Roelof S. de Jong, Sam Barden, Olga Bellido-Tirado, Joar Brynnel, Cristina Chiappini, Éric Depagne, Roger Haynes, Diana Johl, Daniel P. Phillips, Olivier Schnurr, Axel Schwope, Jakob Walcher, Svend-Marian Bauer, Gabriele Cescutti, Maria-Rosa Cioni, Frank Dionies, Harry Enke, Dionne Haynes, Andreas Kelz, Francisco S. KitauraGeorg Lamer, Ivan Minchev, Volker Müller, Sebastián E. Nuza, Jean Christophe Olaya, Tilmann Piffl, Emil Popow, Allar Saviauk, Matthias Steinmetz, Uğur Ural, Monica Valentini, Roland Winkler, Lutz Wisotzki, Wolfgang R. Ansorge, Manda Banerji, Eduardo Gonzalez Solares, Mike Irwin, Robert C. Kennicutt, Jr., David King, Richard McMahon, Sergey Koposov, Ian R. Parry, Xiaowei Sun, Nicholas A. Walton, Gert Finger, Olaf Iwert, Mirko Krumpe, Jean Louis Lizon, Vincenzo Mainieri, Jean Philippe Amans, Piercarlo Bonifacio, Matthieu Cohen, Patrick François, Pascal Jagourel, Shan B. Mignot, Frédéric Royer, Paola Sartoretti, Ralf Bender, Hans Joachim Hess, Florian Lang-Bardl, Bernard Muschielok, Jörg Schlichter, Hans Böhringer, Thomas Boller, Angela Bongiorno, Marcella Brusa, Tom Dwelly, Andrea Merloni, Kirpal Nandra, Mara Salvato, Johannes H. Pragt, Ramón Navarro, Gerrit Gerlofsma, Ronald Roelfsema, Gavin B. Dalton, Kevin F. Middleton, Ian A. Tosh, Corrado Boeche, Elisabetta Caffau, Norbert Christlieb, Eva K. Grebel, Camilla J. Hansen, Andreas Koch, Hans G. Ludwig, Holger Mandel, Andreas Quirrenbach, Luca Sbordone, Walter Seifert, Guido Thimm, Amina Helmi, Scott C. Trager, Thomas Bensby, Sofia Feltzing, Gregory Ruchti, Bengt Edvardsson, Andreas Korn, Karin Lind, Wilfried Boland, Matthew Colless, Gabriella Frost, James Gilbert, Peter Gillingham, Jon Lawrence, Neville Legg, Will Saunders, Andrew Sheinis, Simon Driver, Aaron Robotham, Roland Bacon, Patrick Caillier, Johan Kosmalski, Florence Laurent, Johan Richard

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference proceeding contribution › peer-review

83 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

4MOST is a wide-field, high-multiplex spectroscopic survey facility under development for the VISTA telescope of the European Southern Observatory (ESO). Its main science drivers are in the fields of galactic archeology, high-energy physics, galaxy evolution and cosmology. 4MOST will in particular provide the spectroscopic complements to the large area surveys coming from space missions like Gaia, eROSITA, Euclid, and PLATO and from ground-based facilities like VISTA, VST, DES, LSST and SKA. The 4MOST baseline concept features a 2.5 degree diameter field-of-view with ∼2400 fibres in the focal surface that are configured by a fibre positioner based on the tilting spine principle. The fibres feed two types of spectrographs; ∼1600 fibres go to two spectrographs with resolution R<5000 (λ∼390-930 nm) and ∼800 fibres to a spectrograph with R>18,000 (λ∼392-437 nm and 515-572 nm and 605-675 nm). Both types of spectrographs are fixed-configuration, three-channel spectrographs. 4MOST will have an unique operations concept in which 5 year public surveys from both the consortium and the ESO community will be combined and observed in parallel during each exposure, resulting in more than 25 million spectra of targets spread over a large fraction of the southern sky. The 4MOST Facility Simulator (4FS) was developed to demonstrate the feasibility of this observing concept. 4MOST has been accepted for implementation by ESO with operations expected to start by the end of 2020. This paper provides a top-level overview of the 4MOST facility, while other papers in these proceedings provide more detailed descriptions of the instrument concept[1], the instrument requirements development[2], the systems engineering implementation[3], the instrument model[4], the fibre positioner concepts[5], the fibre feed[6], and the spectrographs[7].

Original language	English
Title of host publication	Ground-based and airborne instrumentation for astronomy V
Editors	Suzanne K. Ramsay, Ian S. McLean, Hideki Takami
Place of Publication	Bellingham, Washington
Publisher	SPIE
Pages	1-14
Number of pages	14
ISBN (Electronic)	9780819496157
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2055826
Publication status	Published - 2014
Externally published	Yes
Event	Ground-Based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy V - Montreal, Canada Duration: 22 Jun 2014 → 26 Jun 2014

Publication series

Name	Proceedings of SPIE
Publisher	SPIE
Volume	9147
ISSN (Electronic)	0277-786X

Other

Other	Ground-Based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy V
Country/Territory	Canada
City	Montreal
Period	22/06/14 → 26/06/14

Keywords

eROSITA
facility simulator
Gaia
science operations
tilting-spine fibre postioner
VISTA telescope
wide field corrector
Wide-field multi-object spectrograph facility

Access to Document

10.1117/12.2055826

Cite this

de Jong, R. S., Barden, S., Bellido-Tirado, O., Brynnel, J., Chiappini, C., Depagne, É., Haynes, R., Johl, D., Phillips, D. P., Schnurr, O., Schwope, A., Walcher, J., Bauer, S-M., Cescutti, G., Cioni, M-R., Dionies, F., Enke, H., Haynes, D., Kelz, A., ... Richard, J. (2014). 4MOST: 4-metre multi-object spectroscopic telescope. In S. K. Ramsay, I. S. McLean, & H. Takami (Eds.), Ground-based and airborne instrumentation for astronomy V (pp. 1-14). [91470M] (Proceedings of SPIE; Vol. 9147). SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2055826

de Jong, Roelof S. ; Barden, Sam ; Bellido-Tirado, Olga ; Brynnel, Joar ; Chiappini, Cristina ; Depagne, Éric ; Haynes, Roger ; Johl, Diana ; Phillips, Daniel P. ; Schnurr, Olivier ; Schwope, Axel ; Walcher, Jakob ; Bauer, Svend-Marian ; Cescutti, Gabriele ; Cioni, Maria-Rosa ; Dionies, Frank ; Enke, Harry ; Haynes, Dionne ; Kelz, Andreas ; Kitaura, Francisco S. ; Lamer, Georg ; Minchev, Ivan ; Müller, Volker ; Nuza, Sebastián E. ; Olaya, Jean Christophe ; Piffl, Tilmann ; Popow, Emil ; Saviauk, Allar ; Steinmetz, Matthias ; Ural, Uğur ; Valentini, Monica ; Winkler, Roland ; Wisotzki, Lutz ; Ansorge, Wolfgang R. ; Banerji, Manda ; Gonzalez Solares, Eduardo ; Irwin, Mike ; Kennicutt, Jr., Robert C. ; King, David ; McMahon, Richard ; Koposov, Sergey ; Parry, Ian R. ; Sun, Xiaowei ; Walton, Nicholas A. ; Finger, Gert ; Iwert, Olaf ; Krumpe, Mirko ; Lizon, Jean Louis ; Mainieri, Vincenzo ; Amans, Jean Philippe ; Bonifacio, Piercarlo ; Cohen, Matthieu ; François, Patrick ; Jagourel, Pascal ; Mignot, Shan B. ; Royer, Frédéric ; Sartoretti, Paola ; Bender, Ralf ; Hess, Hans Joachim ; Lang-Bardl, Florian ; Muschielok, Bernard ; Schlichter, Jörg ; Böhringer, Hans ; Boller, Thomas ; Bongiorno, Angela ; Brusa, Marcella ; Dwelly, Tom ; Merloni, Andrea ; Nandra, Kirpal ; Salvato, Mara ; Pragt, Johannes H. ; Navarro, Ramón ; Gerlofsma, Gerrit ; Roelfsema, Ronald ; Dalton, Gavin B. ; Middleton, Kevin F. ; Tosh, Ian A. ; Boeche, Corrado ; Caffau, Elisabetta ; Christlieb, Norbert ; Grebel, Eva K. ; Hansen, Camilla J. ; Koch, Andreas ; Ludwig, Hans G. ; Mandel, Holger ; Quirrenbach, Andreas ; Sbordone, Luca ; Seifert, Walter ; Thimm, Guido ; Helmi, Amina ; Trager, Scott C. ; Bensby, Thomas ; Feltzing, Sofia ; Ruchti, Gregory ; Edvardsson, Bengt ; Korn, Andreas ; Lind, Karin ; Boland, Wilfried ; Colless, Matthew ; Frost, Gabriella ; Gilbert, James ; Gillingham, Peter ; Lawrence, Jon ; Legg, Neville ; Saunders, Will ; Sheinis, Andrew ; Driver, Simon ; Robotham, Aaron ; Bacon, Roland ; Caillier, Patrick ; Kosmalski, Johan ; Laurent, Florence ; Richard, Johan. / 4MOST : 4-metre multi-object spectroscopic telescope. Ground-based and airborne instrumentation for astronomy V. editor / Suzanne K. Ramsay ; Ian S. McLean ; Hideki Takami. Bellingham, Washington : SPIE, 2014. pp. 1-14 (Proceedings of SPIE).

@inproceedings{9b18581168b947c58aa6a88e2677b206,

title = "4MOST: 4-metre multi-object spectroscopic telescope",

abstract = "4MOST is a wide-field, high-multiplex spectroscopic survey facility under development for the VISTA telescope of the European Southern Observatory (ESO). Its main science drivers are in the fields of galactic archeology, high-energy physics, galaxy evolution and cosmology. 4MOST will in particular provide the spectroscopic complements to the large area surveys coming from space missions like Gaia, eROSITA, Euclid, and PLATO and from ground-based facilities like VISTA, VST, DES, LSST and SKA. The 4MOST baseline concept features a 2.5 degree diameter field-of-view with ∼2400 fibres in the focal surface that are configured by a fibre positioner based on the tilting spine principle. The fibres feed two types of spectrographs; ∼1600 fibres go to two spectrographs with resolution R<5000 (λ∼390-930 nm) and ∼800 fibres to a spectrograph with R>18,000 (λ∼392-437 nm and 515-572 nm and 605-675 nm). Both types of spectrographs are fixed-configuration, three-channel spectrographs. 4MOST will have an unique operations concept in which 5 year public surveys from both the consortium and the ESO community will be combined and observed in parallel during each exposure, resulting in more than 25 million spectra of targets spread over a large fraction of the southern sky. The 4MOST Facility Simulator (4FS) was developed to demonstrate the feasibility of this observing concept. 4MOST has been accepted for implementation by ESO with operations expected to start by the end of 2020. This paper provides a top-level overview of the 4MOST facility, while other papers in these proceedings provide more detailed descriptions of the instrument concept[1], the instrument requirements development[2], the systems engineering implementation[3], the instrument model[4], the fibre positioner concepts[5], the fibre feed[6], and the spectrographs[7].",

keywords = "eROSITA, facility simulator, Gaia, science operations, tilting-spine fibre postioner, VISTA telescope, wide field corrector, Wide-field multi-object spectrograph facility",

author = "{de Jong}, {Roelof S.} and Sam Barden and Olga Bellido-Tirado and Joar Brynnel and Cristina Chiappini and {\'E}ric Depagne and Roger Haynes and Diana Johl and Phillips, {Daniel P.} and Olivier Schnurr and Axel Schwope and Jakob Walcher and Svend-Marian Bauer and Gabriele Cescutti and Maria-Rosa Cioni and Frank Dionies and Harry Enke and Dionne Haynes and Andreas Kelz and Kitaura, {Francisco S.} and Georg Lamer and Ivan Minchev and Volker M{\"u}ller and Nuza, {Sebasti{\'a}n E.} and Olaya, {Jean Christophe} and Tilmann Piffl and Emil Popow and Allar Saviauk and Matthias Steinmetz and Uğur Ural and Monica Valentini and Roland Winkler and Lutz Wisotzki and Ansorge, {Wolfgang R.} and Manda Banerji and {Gonzalez Solares}, Eduardo and Mike Irwin and {Kennicutt, Jr.}, {Robert C.} and David King and Richard McMahon and Sergey Koposov and Parry, {Ian R.} and Xiaowei Sun and Walton, {Nicholas A.} and Gert Finger and Olaf Iwert and Mirko Krumpe and Lizon, {Jean Louis} and Vincenzo Mainieri and Amans, {Jean Philippe} and Piercarlo Bonifacio and Matthieu Cohen and Patrick Fran{\c c}ois and Pascal Jagourel and Mignot, {Shan B.} and Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric Royer and Paola Sartoretti and Ralf Bender and Hess, {Hans Joachim} and Florian Lang-Bardl and Bernard Muschielok and J{\"o}rg Schlichter and Hans B{\"o}hringer and Thomas Boller and Angela Bongiorno and Marcella Brusa and Tom Dwelly and Andrea Merloni and Kirpal Nandra and Mara Salvato and Pragt, {Johannes H.} and Ram{\'o}n Navarro and Gerrit Gerlofsma and Ronald Roelfsema and Dalton, {Gavin B.} and Middleton, {Kevin F.} and Tosh, {Ian A.} and Corrado Boeche and Elisabetta Caffau and Norbert Christlieb and Grebel, {Eva K.} and Hansen, {Camilla J.} and Andreas Koch and Ludwig, {Hans G.} and Holger Mandel and Andreas Quirrenbach and Luca Sbordone and Walter Seifert and Guido Thimm and Amina Helmi and Trager, {Scott C.} and Thomas Bensby and Sofia Feltzing and Gregory Ruchti and Bengt Edvardsson and Andreas Korn and Karin Lind and Wilfried Boland and Matthew Colless and Gabriella Frost and James Gilbert and Peter Gillingham and Jon Lawrence and Neville Legg and Will Saunders and Andrew Sheinis and Simon Driver and Aaron Robotham and Roland Bacon and Patrick Caillier and Johan Kosmalski and Florence Laurent and Johan Richard",

year = "2014",

doi = "10.1117/12.2055826",

language = "English",

series = "Proceedings of SPIE",

publisher = "SPIE",

pages = "1--14",

editor = "Ramsay, {Suzanne K.} and McLean, {Ian S.} and Hideki Takami",

booktitle = "Ground-based and airborne instrumentation for astronomy V",

address = "United States",

note = "Ground-Based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy V ; Conference date: 22-06-2014 Through 26-06-2014",

}

de Jong, RS, Barden, S, Bellido-Tirado, O, Brynnel, J, Chiappini, C, Depagne, É, Haynes, R, Johl, D, Phillips, DP, Schnurr, O, Schwope, A, Walcher, J, Bauer, S-M, Cescutti, G, Cioni, M-R, Dionies, F, Enke, H, Haynes, D, Kelz, A, Kitaura, FS, Lamer, G, Minchev, I, Müller, V, Nuza, SE, Olaya, JC, Piffl, T, Popow, E, Saviauk, A, Steinmetz, M, Ural, U, Valentini, M, Winkler, R, Wisotzki, L, Ansorge, WR, Banerji, M, Gonzalez Solares, E, Irwin, M, Kennicutt, Jr., RC, King, D, McMahon, R, Koposov, S, Parry, IR, Sun, X, Walton, NA, Finger, G, Iwert, O, Krumpe, M, Lizon, JL, Mainieri, V, Amans, JP, Bonifacio, P, Cohen, M, François, P, Jagourel, P, Mignot, SB, Royer, F, Sartoretti, P, Bender, R, Hess, HJ, Lang-Bardl, F, Muschielok, B, Schlichter, J, Böhringer, H, Boller, T, Bongiorno, A, Brusa, M, Dwelly, T, Merloni, A, Nandra, K, Salvato, M, Pragt, JH, Navarro, R, Gerlofsma, G, Roelfsema, R, Dalton, GB, Middleton, KF, Tosh, IA, Boeche, C, Caffau, E, Christlieb, N, Grebel, EK, Hansen, CJ, Koch, A, Ludwig, HG, Mandel, H, Quirrenbach, A, Sbordone, L, Seifert, W, Thimm, G, Helmi, A, Trager, SC, Bensby, T, Feltzing, S, Ruchti, G, Edvardsson, B, Korn, A, Lind, K, Boland, W, Colless, M, Frost, G, Gilbert, J, Gillingham, P, Lawrence, J, Legg, N, Saunders, W, Sheinis, A, Driver, S, Robotham, A, Bacon, R, Caillier, P, Kosmalski, J, Laurent, F & Richard, J 2014, 4MOST: 4-metre multi-object spectroscopic telescope. in SK Ramsay, IS McLean & H Takami (eds), Ground-based and airborne instrumentation for astronomy V., 91470M, Proceedings of SPIE, vol. 9147, SPIE, Bellingham, Washington, pp. 1-14, Ground-Based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy V, Montreal, Canada, 22/06/14. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2055826

4MOST : 4-metre multi-object spectroscopic telescope. / de Jong, Roelof S.; Barden, Sam; Bellido-Tirado, Olga; Brynnel, Joar; Chiappini, Cristina; Depagne, Éric; Haynes, Roger; Johl, Diana; Phillips, Daniel P.; Schnurr, Olivier; Schwope, Axel; Walcher, Jakob; Bauer, Svend-Marian; Cescutti, Gabriele; Cioni, Maria-Rosa; Dionies, Frank; Enke, Harry; Haynes, Dionne; Kelz, Andreas; Kitaura, Francisco S.; Lamer, Georg; Minchev, Ivan; Müller, Volker; Nuza, Sebastián E.; Olaya, Jean Christophe; Piffl, Tilmann; Popow, Emil; Saviauk, Allar; Steinmetz, Matthias; Ural, Uğur; Valentini, Monica; Winkler, Roland; Wisotzki, Lutz; Ansorge, Wolfgang R.; Banerji, Manda; Gonzalez Solares, Eduardo; Irwin, Mike; Kennicutt, Jr., Robert C.; King, David; McMahon, Richard; Koposov, Sergey; Parry, Ian R.; Sun, Xiaowei; Walton, Nicholas A.; Finger, Gert; Iwert, Olaf; Krumpe, Mirko; Lizon, Jean Louis; Mainieri, Vincenzo; Amans, Jean Philippe; Bonifacio, Piercarlo; Cohen, Matthieu; François, Patrick; Jagourel, Pascal; Mignot, Shan B.; Royer, Frédéric; Sartoretti, Paola; Bender, Ralf; Hess, Hans Joachim; Lang-Bardl, Florian; Muschielok, Bernard; Schlichter, Jörg; Böhringer, Hans; Boller, Thomas; Bongiorno, Angela; Brusa, Marcella; Dwelly, Tom; Merloni, Andrea; Nandra, Kirpal; Salvato, Mara; Pragt, Johannes H.; Navarro, Ramón; Gerlofsma, Gerrit; Roelfsema, Ronald; Dalton, Gavin B.; Middleton, Kevin F.; Tosh, Ian A.; Boeche, Corrado; Caffau, Elisabetta; Christlieb, Norbert; Grebel, Eva K.; Hansen, Camilla J.; Koch, Andreas; Ludwig, Hans G.; Mandel, Holger; Quirrenbach, Andreas; Sbordone, Luca; Seifert, Walter; Thimm, Guido; Helmi, Amina; Trager, Scott C.; Bensby, Thomas; Feltzing, Sofia; Ruchti, Gregory; Edvardsson, Bengt; Korn, Andreas; Lind, Karin; Boland, Wilfried; Colless, Matthew; Frost, Gabriella; Gilbert, James; Gillingham, Peter; Lawrence, Jon; Legg, Neville; Saunders, Will; Sheinis, Andrew; Driver, Simon; Robotham, Aaron; Bacon, Roland; Caillier, Patrick; Kosmalski, Johan; Laurent, Florence; Richard, Johan.

Ground-based and airborne instrumentation for astronomy V. ed. / Suzanne K. Ramsay; Ian S. McLean; Hideki Takami. Bellingham, Washington : SPIE, 2014. p. 1-14 91470M (Proceedings of SPIE; Vol. 9147).

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference proceeding contribution › peer-review

TY - GEN

T1 - 4MOST

T2 - Ground-Based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy V

AU - de Jong, Roelof S.

AU - Barden, Sam

AU - Bellido-Tirado, Olga

AU - Brynnel, Joar

AU - Chiappini, Cristina

AU - Depagne, Éric

AU - Haynes, Roger

AU - Johl, Diana

AU - Phillips, Daniel P.

AU - Schnurr, Olivier

AU - Schwope, Axel

AU - Walcher, Jakob

AU - Bauer, Svend-Marian

AU - Cescutti, Gabriele

AU - Cioni, Maria-Rosa

AU - Dionies, Frank

AU - Enke, Harry

AU - Haynes, Dionne

AU - Kelz, Andreas

AU - Kitaura, Francisco S.

AU - Lamer, Georg

AU - Minchev, Ivan

AU - Müller, Volker

AU - Nuza, Sebastián E.

AU - Olaya, Jean Christophe

AU - Piffl, Tilmann

AU - Popow, Emil

AU - Saviauk, Allar

AU - Steinmetz, Matthias

AU - Ural, Uğur

AU - Valentini, Monica

AU - Winkler, Roland

AU - Wisotzki, Lutz

AU - Ansorge, Wolfgang R.

AU - Banerji, Manda

AU - Gonzalez Solares, Eduardo

AU - Irwin, Mike

AU - Kennicutt, Jr., Robert C.

AU - King, David

AU - McMahon, Richard

AU - Koposov, Sergey

AU - Parry, Ian R.

AU - Sun, Xiaowei

AU - Walton, Nicholas A.

AU - Finger, Gert

AU - Iwert, Olaf

AU - Krumpe, Mirko

AU - Lizon, Jean Louis

AU - Mainieri, Vincenzo

AU - Amans, Jean Philippe

AU - Bonifacio, Piercarlo

AU - Cohen, Matthieu

AU - François, Patrick

AU - Jagourel, Pascal

AU - Mignot, Shan B.

AU - Royer, Frédéric

AU - Sartoretti, Paola

AU - Bender, Ralf

AU - Hess, Hans Joachim

AU - Lang-Bardl, Florian

AU - Muschielok, Bernard

AU - Schlichter, Jörg

AU - Böhringer, Hans

AU - Boller, Thomas

AU - Bongiorno, Angela

AU - Brusa, Marcella

AU - Dwelly, Tom

AU - Merloni, Andrea

AU - Nandra, Kirpal

AU - Salvato, Mara

AU - Pragt, Johannes H.

AU - Navarro, Ramón

AU - Gerlofsma, Gerrit

AU - Roelfsema, Ronald

AU - Dalton, Gavin B.

AU - Middleton, Kevin F.

AU - Tosh, Ian A.

AU - Boeche, Corrado

AU - Caffau, Elisabetta

AU - Christlieb, Norbert

AU - Grebel, Eva K.

AU - Hansen, Camilla J.

AU - Koch, Andreas

AU - Ludwig, Hans G.

AU - Mandel, Holger

AU - Quirrenbach, Andreas

AU - Sbordone, Luca

AU - Seifert, Walter

AU - Thimm, Guido

AU - Helmi, Amina

AU - Trager, Scott C.

AU - Bensby, Thomas

AU - Feltzing, Sofia

AU - Ruchti, Gregory

AU - Edvardsson, Bengt

AU - Korn, Andreas

AU - Lind, Karin

AU - Boland, Wilfried

AU - Colless, Matthew

AU - Frost, Gabriella

AU - Gilbert, James

AU - Gillingham, Peter

AU - Lawrence, Jon

AU - Legg, Neville

AU - Saunders, Will

AU - Sheinis, Andrew

AU - Driver, Simon

AU - Robotham, Aaron

AU - Bacon, Roland

AU - Caillier, Patrick

AU - Kosmalski, Johan

AU - Laurent, Florence

AU - Richard, Johan

PY - 2014

Y1 - 2014

N2 - 4MOST is a wide-field, high-multiplex spectroscopic survey facility under development for the VISTA telescope of the European Southern Observatory (ESO). Its main science drivers are in the fields of galactic archeology, high-energy physics, galaxy evolution and cosmology. 4MOST will in particular provide the spectroscopic complements to the large area surveys coming from space missions like Gaia, eROSITA, Euclid, and PLATO and from ground-based facilities like VISTA, VST, DES, LSST and SKA. The 4MOST baseline concept features a 2.5 degree diameter field-of-view with ∼2400 fibres in the focal surface that are configured by a fibre positioner based on the tilting spine principle. The fibres feed two types of spectrographs; ∼1600 fibres go to two spectrographs with resolution R<5000 (λ∼390-930 nm) and ∼800 fibres to a spectrograph with R>18,000 (λ∼392-437 nm and 515-572 nm and 605-675 nm). Both types of spectrographs are fixed-configuration, three-channel spectrographs. 4MOST will have an unique operations concept in which 5 year public surveys from both the consortium and the ESO community will be combined and observed in parallel during each exposure, resulting in more than 25 million spectra of targets spread over a large fraction of the southern sky. The 4MOST Facility Simulator (4FS) was developed to demonstrate the feasibility of this observing concept. 4MOST has been accepted for implementation by ESO with operations expected to start by the end of 2020. This paper provides a top-level overview of the 4MOST facility, while other papers in these proceedings provide more detailed descriptions of the instrument concept[1], the instrument requirements development[2], the systems engineering implementation[3], the instrument model[4], the fibre positioner concepts[5], the fibre feed[6], and the spectrographs[7].

AB - 4MOST is a wide-field, high-multiplex spectroscopic survey facility under development for the VISTA telescope of the European Southern Observatory (ESO). Its main science drivers are in the fields of galactic archeology, high-energy physics, galaxy evolution and cosmology. 4MOST will in particular provide the spectroscopic complements to the large area surveys coming from space missions like Gaia, eROSITA, Euclid, and PLATO and from ground-based facilities like VISTA, VST, DES, LSST and SKA. The 4MOST baseline concept features a 2.5 degree diameter field-of-view with ∼2400 fibres in the focal surface that are configured by a fibre positioner based on the tilting spine principle. The fibres feed two types of spectrographs; ∼1600 fibres go to two spectrographs with resolution R<5000 (λ∼390-930 nm) and ∼800 fibres to a spectrograph with R>18,000 (λ∼392-437 nm and 515-572 nm and 605-675 nm). Both types of spectrographs are fixed-configuration, three-channel spectrographs. 4MOST will have an unique operations concept in which 5 year public surveys from both the consortium and the ESO community will be combined and observed in parallel during each exposure, resulting in more than 25 million spectra of targets spread over a large fraction of the southern sky. The 4MOST Facility Simulator (4FS) was developed to demonstrate the feasibility of this observing concept. 4MOST has been accepted for implementation by ESO with operations expected to start by the end of 2020. This paper provides a top-level overview of the 4MOST facility, while other papers in these proceedings provide more detailed descriptions of the instrument concept[1], the instrument requirements development[2], the systems engineering implementation[3], the instrument model[4], the fibre positioner concepts[5], the fibre feed[6], and the spectrographs[7].

KW - eROSITA

KW - facility simulator

KW - Gaia

KW - science operations

KW - tilting-spine fibre postioner

KW - VISTA telescope

KW - wide field corrector

KW - Wide-field multi-object spectrograph facility

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84922734334&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1117/12.2055826

DO - 10.1117/12.2055826

M3 - Conference proceeding contribution

AN - SCOPUS:84922734334

T3 - Proceedings of SPIE

SP - 1

EP - 14

BT - Ground-based and airborne instrumentation for astronomy V

A2 - Ramsay, Suzanne K.

A2 - McLean, Ian S.

A2 - Takami, Hideki

PB - SPIE

CY - Bellingham, Washington

Y2 - 22 June 2014 through 26 June 2014

ER -

4MOST: 4-metre multi-object spectroscopic telescope

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