Abstract
The design and operation of a custom-built LIDAR-compatible, four-channel Raman spectrometer integrated to a 532 nm pulsed laser is presented. The multichannel design allowed for simultaneous collection of Raman photons at two spectral regions identified as highly sensitive to changes in water temperature. For each of these spectral bands, the signals having polarization parallel to (‖) and perpendicular to (⊥), the excitation polarization were collected. Four independent temperature markers were calculated from the Raman signals: two-colour(‖), two-colour(⊥), depolarization(A) and depolarization(B). A total of sixteen datasets were analysed for one ultrapure (Milli-Q) and three samples of natural water. Temperature accuracies of ±0.4◦ C–±0.8◦ C were achieved using the two-colour(||) marker. When multiple linear regression models were constructed (linear combination) utilizing all simultaneously acquired temperature markers, improved accuracies of ±0.3◦ C–±0.7◦ C were achieved.
Original language | English |
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Article number | 2933 |
Pages (from-to) | 1-12 |
Number of pages | 12 |
Journal | Sensors |
Volume | 19 |
Issue number | 13 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 3 Jul 2019 |
Bibliographical note
Version archived for private and non-commercial use with the permission of the author/s and according to publisher conditions. For further rights please contact the publisher.Keywords
- LIDAR
- Natural waters
- Raman spectroscopy
- Remote sensing
- Temperature
- Water