A quantitative analysis of internal and external loads in aviation firefighting using a simulated scenario

Background/Objectives: Aviation firefighting is a strenuous occupation that requires individuals to engage in intense physical activity amidst elevated stress levels and extreme environmental conditions. Despite this, there has been limited investigation regarding the internal and external loads associated with aviation firefighting tasks, which include hose dragging, stair climbing, casualty evacuation, and fire extinguishing in airports and aircrafts. The aim of this study was to examine the internal and external loads placed on aviation firefighters. By identifying these demands, this study seeks to inform the development of targeted training strategies, improve job safety, and lower the risk of musculoskeletal injuries. Methods: Sixteen Australian aviation firefighters (35.13 ± 8.2 years) were recruited and assigned specific roles to complete an aircraft firefighting scenario. Measures of heart rate (HR), oxygen consumption (VO₂), and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were used to quantify internal load, while measures of completion time and distance travelled were used to quantify external load. Results: The median scenario completion time was 21 min (IQR = 5), with each role travelling a median distance of 245–541 m. During the scenario, median average HR values ranged between 61.1 and 72.0% HRmax and median maximal HR values ranged between 77.8 and 84.4% HRmax. As the only group to record VO₂, driver firefighters operated at a median average VO₂ of 49% of their VO_2max and achieved a median maximal VO₂ of 78% of their VO_2max. Conclusions: This study effectively identified the task-specific internal and external loads associated with aviation firefighting, offering valuable insights for developing specific training protocols for firefighters to ensure appropriate physical capacity to perform their job roles safely.