我国老年人健康预期寿命研究——基于主观健康维度的测算

随着平均预期寿命的延长,健康预期寿命受到了日益广泛的关注。然而,目前我国多数健康预期寿命研究缺乏基于主观健康维度的探索。利用中国健康与养老追踪调查2011-2015年追踪数据,以自评健康为健康测量标准并采用多状态生命表法对我国老年人健康预期寿命进行测算。结果表明,2011-2015年间,我国老年人60岁时平均预期寿命为23.4年,其中健康预期寿命和不健康预期寿命为16.2年和7.2年,占余寿比例分别为69.2%和30.8%。同时,我国不同人口特征的老年人健康预期寿命呈现显著差异,男性、城市和东中部地区老年人健康预期寿命状况明显好于女性、农村和西部地区老年人。测算结果同时表明,在老年期初期,我国老年人主观健康维度的生命质量水平低于客观健康维度的相应水平,但在高龄阶段,前者要高于后者。研究结果拓展了对我国健康预期寿命的多维度理解,同时反映了我国老年人口的巨大健康不平等现象。

With a rapidly prolonging life expectancy, healthy life expectancy attracts growing attentions from scholars and policymakers. However, existing studies on healthy life expectancy are less likely to use subjective measurement to gauge health when computing healthy life expectancy. To fill this gap, the present study used the database of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study in 2011, 2011 and 2015，and employed self － rated health as health measurement to explore healthy life expectancy of the Chinese elderly population based on the multistate life table method. Results show that, between 2011 and 2015, life expectancy at age 60 of the Chinese elderly population reached 23. 4years, of which 16. 2 years( 69.2% ) were healthy life expectancy while 7.2 years( 30.8% ) were unhealthy life expectancy. In addition, salient socioeconomic differences of healthy life expectancy were observed among the Chinese elderly population, with elderly people who were male, live in urban areas and the East /Middle Region enjoying a significantly longer healthy life expectancy than those female and living in rural areas and the West Region. Results also show that at the initial stage of later life, the quality of life of the Chinese elderly population exhibits a worse outcome from the subjective dimension than that from the objective dimension, while in the advanced stage of later life, the situations are opposite. This study broadens current understanding of healthy life expectancy from the dimension of subjective health in the context of China, and reveals the substantial health inequality among the Chinese elderly population．