Adverse events associated with breast implants: the role of bacterial infection and biofilm

Breast augmentation has consistently been the most common cosmetic surgical procedure performed in the United States since 2006. Capsular contracture, the most common reason for implant removal and/or revision, can cause breast pain and discomfort and affect the breast. Revision surgery is associated with decreased patient satisfaction rates and capsular contracture recurrence. Why some capsules form and some progress to contracture is still subject to hypothesis. It has been theorized that capsular contracture results from an imbalance between suppressors and potentiators, favoring potentiators where an imbalance biased towards potentiators leads to capsular contracture.