TY - JOUR
T1 - Association of pembrolizumab with tumor response and survival among patients with advanced melanoma
AU - Ribas, Antoni
AU - Hamid, Omid
AU - Daud, Adil
AU - Hodi, F. Stephen
AU - Wolchok, Jedd D.
AU - Kefford, Richard
AU - Joshua, Anthony M.
AU - Patnaik, Amita
AU - Hwu, Wen Jen
AU - Weber, Jeffrey S.
AU - Gangadhar, Tara C.
AU - Hersey, Peter
AU - Dronca, Roxana
AU - Joseph, Richard W.
AU - Zarour, Hassane
AU - Chmielowski, Bartosz
AU - Lawrence, Donald P.
AU - Algazi, Alain
AU - Rizvi, Naiyer A.
AU - Hoffner, Brianna
AU - Mateus, Christine
AU - Gergich, Kevin
AU - Lindia, Jill A.
AU - Giannotti, Maxine
AU - Li, Xiaoyun Nicole
AU - Ebbinghaus, Scot
AU - Kang, S. Peter
AU - Robert, Caroline
PY - 2016/4/19
Y1 - 2016/4/19
N2 - Importance: The programmed death 1 (PD-1) pathway limits immune responses to melanoma and can be blocked with the humanized anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody pembrolizumab. Objective: To characterize the association of pembrolizumab with tumor response and overall survival among patients with advanced melanoma. Design, Settings, and Participants: Open-label, multicohort, phase 1b clinical trials (enrollment, December 2011-September 2013). Median duration of follow-up was 21 months. The study was performed in academic medical centers in Australia, Canada, France, and the United States. Eligible patients were aged 18 years and older and had advanced or metastatic melanoma. Data were pooled from 655 enrolled patients (135 from a nonrandomized cohort [n = 87 ipilimumab naive; n = 48 ipilimumab treated] and 520 from randomized cohorts [n = 226 ipilimumab naive; n = 294 ipilimumab treated]). Cutoff dates were April 18, 2014, for safety analyses and October 18, 2014, for efficacy analyses. Exposures: Pembrolizumab 10mg/kg every 2weeks, 10mg/kg every 3weeks, or 2mg/kg every 3weeks continued until disease progression, intolerable toxicity, or investigator decision. Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary end pointwas confirmed objective response rate (best overall response of complete response or partial response) in patients with measurable disease at baseline per independent central review. Secondary end points included toxicity, duration of response, progression-free survival, and overall survival. Results: Among the 655 patients (median [range] age, 61 [18-94] years; 405 [62%] men), 581 had measurable disease at baseline. An objective response was reported in 194 of 581 patients (33%[95%CI, 30%-37%]) and in 60 of 133 treatment-naive patients (45%[95%CI, 36%to 54%]). Overall, 74%(152/205) of responses were ongoing at the time of data cutoff; 44%(90/205) of patients had response duration for at least 1 year and 79% (162/205) had response duration for at least 6 months. Twelve-month progression-free survival rates were 35%(95%CI, 31%-39%) in the total population and 52%(95%CI, 43%-60%) among treatment-naive patients. Median overall survival in the total population was 23 months (95% CI, 20-29) with a 12-month survival rate of 66%(95%CI, 62%-69%) and a 24-month survival rate of 49%(95%CI, 44%-53%). In treatment-naive patients, median overall survival was 31 months (95%CI, 24 to not reached) with a 12-month survival rate of 73%(95%CI, 65%-79%) and a 24-month survival rate of 60%(95%CI, 51%-68%). Ninety-two of 655 patients (14%) experienced at least 1 treatment-related grade 3 or 4 adverse event (AE) and 27 of 655 (4%) patients discontinued treatment because of a treatment-related AE. Treatment-related serious AEs were reported in 59 patients (9%). There were no drug-related deaths. Conclusions and Relevance: Among patients with advanced melanoma, pembrolizumab administration was associated with an overall objective response rate of 33%, 12-month progression-free survival rate of 35%, and median overall survival of 23 months; grade 3 or 4 treatment-related AEs occurred in 14%.
AB - Importance: The programmed death 1 (PD-1) pathway limits immune responses to melanoma and can be blocked with the humanized anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody pembrolizumab. Objective: To characterize the association of pembrolizumab with tumor response and overall survival among patients with advanced melanoma. Design, Settings, and Participants: Open-label, multicohort, phase 1b clinical trials (enrollment, December 2011-September 2013). Median duration of follow-up was 21 months. The study was performed in academic medical centers in Australia, Canada, France, and the United States. Eligible patients were aged 18 years and older and had advanced or metastatic melanoma. Data were pooled from 655 enrolled patients (135 from a nonrandomized cohort [n = 87 ipilimumab naive; n = 48 ipilimumab treated] and 520 from randomized cohorts [n = 226 ipilimumab naive; n = 294 ipilimumab treated]). Cutoff dates were April 18, 2014, for safety analyses and October 18, 2014, for efficacy analyses. Exposures: Pembrolizumab 10mg/kg every 2weeks, 10mg/kg every 3weeks, or 2mg/kg every 3weeks continued until disease progression, intolerable toxicity, or investigator decision. Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary end pointwas confirmed objective response rate (best overall response of complete response or partial response) in patients with measurable disease at baseline per independent central review. Secondary end points included toxicity, duration of response, progression-free survival, and overall survival. Results: Among the 655 patients (median [range] age, 61 [18-94] years; 405 [62%] men), 581 had measurable disease at baseline. An objective response was reported in 194 of 581 patients (33%[95%CI, 30%-37%]) and in 60 of 133 treatment-naive patients (45%[95%CI, 36%to 54%]). Overall, 74%(152/205) of responses were ongoing at the time of data cutoff; 44%(90/205) of patients had response duration for at least 1 year and 79% (162/205) had response duration for at least 6 months. Twelve-month progression-free survival rates were 35%(95%CI, 31%-39%) in the total population and 52%(95%CI, 43%-60%) among treatment-naive patients. Median overall survival in the total population was 23 months (95% CI, 20-29) with a 12-month survival rate of 66%(95%CI, 62%-69%) and a 24-month survival rate of 49%(95%CI, 44%-53%). In treatment-naive patients, median overall survival was 31 months (95%CI, 24 to not reached) with a 12-month survival rate of 73%(95%CI, 65%-79%) and a 24-month survival rate of 60%(95%CI, 51%-68%). Ninety-two of 655 patients (14%) experienced at least 1 treatment-related grade 3 or 4 adverse event (AE) and 27 of 655 (4%) patients discontinued treatment because of a treatment-related AE. Treatment-related serious AEs were reported in 59 patients (9%). There were no drug-related deaths. Conclusions and Relevance: Among patients with advanced melanoma, pembrolizumab administration was associated with an overall objective response rate of 33%, 12-month progression-free survival rate of 35%, and median overall survival of 23 months; grade 3 or 4 treatment-related AEs occurred in 14%.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84964341647&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1001/jama.2016.4059
DO - 10.1001/jama.2016.4059
M3 - Article
C2 - 27092830
AN - SCOPUS:84964341647
SN - 0098-7484
VL - 315
SP - 1600
EP - 1609
JO - JAMA: Journal of the American Medical Association
JF - JAMA: Journal of the American Medical Association
IS - 15
ER -