Back to the future.: Cuffless blood pressure estimation in the 1990's

Kyrollos Louka; James Cox; Isabella Tan; Alberto Avolio; Michael O'Rourke; Mark Butlin

Abstract

Background: The new frontier of cuffless blood pressure (BP) may enable widespread, high frequency, BP estimation in the community. The technique, however, is not new. This study investigates the first commercial cuffless BP device, the Casio BP-100 digital watch (Model No. 900), released 1993. Finger pulse arrival time is measured using finger photoplethysmography and an electrocardiogram. Using a two-point individualised calibration method, systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) is estimated.
Methods: Twenty participants (11 female) had seated BP measured using the Casio BP-100 and a brachial automatic oscillometric BP device at rest, during a 5-minute isometric hand-grip exercise.
Results: There was no significant difference between the reference device and the BP-100 but a large bidirectional scatter of BP estimation by the Casio BP-100 (average differences 2±20 and -1±19 mmHg during baseline, and -1±21 and 7±23 mmHg during exercise for SBP and DBP respectively). There was poor correlation for both SBP (R=0.36, p=0.13) and DBP (R=0.044, p=0.37).
Conclusions: Given the size, low processing power, and long battery life it is impressive that the Casio BP-100 provided some directional information on BP. It is also one of the few commercial devices to this day using two-point individualisation calibration. Likely in part due to limitations in the algorithms for finding fiducial waveform points, BP estimation was poor. As we look to the future of cuffless BP we should emulate the positive aspects of the Casio BP-100 whilst looking at ways to improve accuracy.

Original language	English
Article number	P.26
Pages (from-to)	S19-S20
Number of pages	2
Journal	Artery Research
Volume	27
Issue number	Supplement 1
Publication status	Published - Dec 2021
Event	Association for Research into Arterial Structure and Physiology Conference 2021: ARTERY 2021 - Paris, France Duration: 21 Oct 2021 → 23 Oct 2021

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Copyright the Author(s) 2021. Version archived for private and non-commercial use with the permission of the author/s and according to publisher conditions. For further rights please contact the publisher.

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@article{ce87f05acc4943128bbb16ef32577591,

title = "Back to the future.: Cuffless blood pressure estimation in the 1990's",

abstract = "Background: The new frontier of cuffless blood pressure (BP) may enable widespread, high frequency, BP estimation in the community. The technique, however, is not new. This study investigates the first commercial cuffless BP device, the Casio BP-100 digital watch (Model No. 900), released 1993. Finger pulse arrival time is measured using finger photoplethysmography and an electrocardiogram. Using a two-point individualised calibration method, systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) is estimated. Methods: Twenty participants (11 female) had seated BP measured using the Casio BP-100 and a brachial automatic oscillometric BP device at rest, during a 5-minute isometric hand-grip exercise. Results: There was no significant difference between the reference device and the BP-100 but a large bidirectional scatter of BP estimation by the Casio BP-100 (average differences 2±20 and -1±19 mmHg during baseline, and -1±21 and 7±23 mmHg during exercise for SBP and DBP respectively). There was poor correlation for both SBP (R=0.36, p=0.13) and DBP (R=0.044, p=0.37). Conclusions: Given the size, low processing power, and long battery life it is impressive that the Casio BP-100 provided some directional information on BP. It is also one of the few commercial devices to this day using two-point individualisation calibration. Likely in part due to limitations in the algorithms for finding fiducial waveform points, BP estimation was poor. As we look to the future of cuffless BP we should emulate the positive aspects of the Casio BP-100 whilst looking at ways to improve accuracy.",

author = "Kyrollos Louka and James Cox and Isabella Tan and Alberto Avolio and Michael O'Rourke and Mark Butlin",

note = "Copyright the Author(s) 2021. Version archived for private and non-commercial use with the permission of the author/s and according to publisher conditions. For further rights please contact the publisher.; Association for Research into Arterial Structure and Physiology Conference 2021: ARTERY 2021 ; Conference date: 21-10-2021 Through 23-10-2021",

year = "2021",

month = dec,

language = "English",

volume = "27",

pages = "S19--S20",

journal = "Artery Research",

issn = "1872-9312",

publisher = "Springer, Springer Nature",

number = "Supplement 1",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Back to the future.

T2 - Association for Research into Arterial Structure and Physiology Conference 2021: ARTERY 2021

AU - Louka, Kyrollos

AU - Cox, James

AU - Tan, Isabella

AU - Avolio, Alberto

AU - O'Rourke, Michael

AU - Butlin, Mark

N1 - Copyright the Author(s) 2021. Version archived for private and non-commercial use with the permission of the author/s and according to publisher conditions. For further rights please contact the publisher.

PY - 2021/12

Y1 - 2021/12

N2 - Background: The new frontier of cuffless blood pressure (BP) may enable widespread, high frequency, BP estimation in the community. The technique, however, is not new. This study investigates the first commercial cuffless BP device, the Casio BP-100 digital watch (Model No. 900), released 1993. Finger pulse arrival time is measured using finger photoplethysmography and an electrocardiogram. Using a two-point individualised calibration method, systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) is estimated. Methods: Twenty participants (11 female) had seated BP measured using the Casio BP-100 and a brachial automatic oscillometric BP device at rest, during a 5-minute isometric hand-grip exercise. Results: There was no significant difference between the reference device and the BP-100 but a large bidirectional scatter of BP estimation by the Casio BP-100 (average differences 2±20 and -1±19 mmHg during baseline, and -1±21 and 7±23 mmHg during exercise for SBP and DBP respectively). There was poor correlation for both SBP (R=0.36, p=0.13) and DBP (R=0.044, p=0.37). Conclusions: Given the size, low processing power, and long battery life it is impressive that the Casio BP-100 provided some directional information on BP. It is also one of the few commercial devices to this day using two-point individualisation calibration. Likely in part due to limitations in the algorithms for finding fiducial waveform points, BP estimation was poor. As we look to the future of cuffless BP we should emulate the positive aspects of the Casio BP-100 whilst looking at ways to improve accuracy.

AB - Background: The new frontier of cuffless blood pressure (BP) may enable widespread, high frequency, BP estimation in the community. The technique, however, is not new. This study investigates the first commercial cuffless BP device, the Casio BP-100 digital watch (Model No. 900), released 1993. Finger pulse arrival time is measured using finger photoplethysmography and an electrocardiogram. Using a two-point individualised calibration method, systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) is estimated. Methods: Twenty participants (11 female) had seated BP measured using the Casio BP-100 and a brachial automatic oscillometric BP device at rest, during a 5-minute isometric hand-grip exercise. Results: There was no significant difference between the reference device and the BP-100 but a large bidirectional scatter of BP estimation by the Casio BP-100 (average differences 2±20 and -1±19 mmHg during baseline, and -1±21 and 7±23 mmHg during exercise for SBP and DBP respectively). There was poor correlation for both SBP (R=0.36, p=0.13) and DBP (R=0.044, p=0.37). Conclusions: Given the size, low processing power, and long battery life it is impressive that the Casio BP-100 provided some directional information on BP. It is also one of the few commercial devices to this day using two-point individualisation calibration. Likely in part due to limitations in the algorithms for finding fiducial waveform points, BP estimation was poor. As we look to the future of cuffless BP we should emulate the positive aspects of the Casio BP-100 whilst looking at ways to improve accuracy.

UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/s44200-021-00008-4

M3 - Meeting abstract

SN - 1872-9312

VL - 27

SP - S19-S20

JO - Artery Research

JF - Artery Research

IS - Supplement 1

M1 - P.26

Y2 - 21 October 2021 through 23 October 2021

ER -

Back to the future. Cuffless blood pressure estimation in the 1990's

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