Carotenoid-based status signalling in red-shouldered widowbirds (Euplectes axillaris): Epaulet size and redness affect captive and territorial competition

Agriculture & Biology

• Euplectes 100%
• carotenoids 48%
• Agelaius phoeniceus 13%
• color 5%
• plumage 5%
• shoulders 5%
• birds 2%
• breeding 2%
• testing 1%

Earth & Environmental Sciences

• carotenoid 71%
• contest competition 9%
• plumage 7%
• captivity 6%
• breeding 4%
• effect 4%
• field experiment 4%
• bird 4%
• food 3%
• test 1%
• rate 1%

Medicine & Life Sciences

• Carotenoids 69%
• Color 7%
• Breeding 5%
• Birds 5%
• Shoulder 4%
• Food 3%
• Therapeutics 1%