Comparative population genomics reveals key barriers to dispersal in Southern Ocean penguins

Gemma V. Clucas; Jane L. Younger; Damian Kao; Louise Emmerson; Colin Southwell; Barbara Wienecke; Alex D. Rogers; Charles André Bost; Gary D. Miller; Michael J. Polito; Patrick Lelliott; Jonathan Handley; Sarah Crofts; Richard A. Phillips; Michael J. Dunn; Karen J. Miller; Tom Hart

doi:10.1111/mec.14896

Comparative population genomics reveals key barriers to dispersal in Southern Ocean penguins

Gemma V. Clucas^*, Jane L. Younger, Damian Kao, Louise Emmerson, Colin Southwell, Barbara Wienecke, Alex D. Rogers, Charles André Bost, Gary D. Miller, Michael J. Polito, Patrick Lelliott, Jonathan Handley, Sarah Crofts, Richard A. Phillips, Michael J. Dunn, Karen J. Miller, Tom Hart

^*Corresponding author for this work

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Abstract

The mechanisms that determine patterns of species dispersal are important factors in the production and maintenance of biodiversity. Understanding these mechanisms helps to forecast the responses of species to environmental change. Here, we used a comparative framework and genomewide data obtained through RAD-Seq to compare the patterns of connectivity among breeding colonies for five penguin species with shared ancestry, overlapping distributions and differing ecological niches, allowing an examination of the intrinsic and extrinsic barriers governing dispersal patterns. Our findings show that at-sea range and oceanography underlie patterns of dispersal in these penguins. The pelagic niche of emperor (Aptenodytes forsteri), king (A. patagonicus), Adélie (Pygoscelis adeliae) and chinstrap (P. antarctica) penguins facilitates gene flow over thousands of kilometres. In contrast, the coastal niche of gentoo penguins (P. papua) limits dispersal, resulting in population divergences. Oceanographic fronts also act as dispersal barriers to some extent. We recommend that forecasts of extinction risk incorporate dispersal and that management units are defined by at-sea range and oceanography in species lacking genetic data.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	4680-4697
Number of pages	18
Journal	Molecular Ecology
Volume	27
Issue number	23
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.14896
Publication status	Published - 1 Dec 2018

Bibliographical note

Copyright the Author(s) 2018. Version archived for private and non-commercial use with the permission of the author/s and according to publisher conditions. For further rights please contact the publisher.

Keywords

Aptenodytes
genetic differentiation
Polar Front
population genomics
Pygoscelis
RAD-Seq

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10.1111/mec.14896

Publisher version (open access)Final published version, 1.37 MBLicence: CC BY

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Clucas, G. V., Younger, J. L., Kao, D., Emmerson, L., Southwell, C., Wienecke, B., Rogers, A. D., Bost, C. A., Miller, G. D., Polito, M. J., Lelliott, P., Handley, J., Crofts, S., Phillips, R. A., Dunn, M. J., Miller, K. J., & Hart, T. (2018). Comparative population genomics reveals key barriers to dispersal in Southern Ocean penguins. Molecular Ecology, 27(23), 4680-4697. https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.14896

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title = "Comparative population genomics reveals key barriers to dispersal in Southern Ocean penguins",

abstract = "The mechanisms that determine patterns of species dispersal are important factors in the production and maintenance of biodiversity. Understanding these mechanisms helps to forecast the responses of species to environmental change. Here, we used a comparative framework and genomewide data obtained through RAD-Seq to compare the patterns of connectivity among breeding colonies for five penguin species with shared ancestry, overlapping distributions and differing ecological niches, allowing an examination of the intrinsic and extrinsic barriers governing dispersal patterns. Our findings show that at-sea range and oceanography underlie patterns of dispersal in these penguins. The pelagic niche of emperor (Aptenodytes forsteri), king (A. patagonicus), Ad{\'e}lie (Pygoscelis adeliae) and chinstrap (P. antarctica) penguins facilitates gene flow over thousands of kilometres. In contrast, the coastal niche of gentoo penguins (P. papua) limits dispersal, resulting in population divergences. Oceanographic fronts also act as dispersal barriers to some extent. We recommend that forecasts of extinction risk incorporate dispersal and that management units are defined by at-sea range and oceanography in species lacking genetic data.",

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author = "Clucas, {Gemma V.} and Younger, {Jane L.} and Damian Kao and Louise Emmerson and Colin Southwell and Barbara Wienecke and Rogers, {Alex D.} and Bost, {Charles Andr{\'e}} and Miller, {Gary D.} and Polito, {Michael J.} and Patrick Lelliott and Jonathan Handley and Sarah Crofts and Phillips, {Richard A.} and Dunn, {Michael J.} and Miller, {Karen J.} and Tom Hart",

note = "Copyright the Author(s) 2018. Version archived for private and non-commercial use with the permission of the author/s and according to publisher conditions. For further rights please contact the publisher.",

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Clucas, GV, Younger, JL, Kao, D, Emmerson, L, Southwell, C, Wienecke, B, Rogers, AD, Bost, CA, Miller, GD, Polito, MJ, Lelliott, P, Handley, J, Crofts, S, Phillips, RA, Dunn, MJ, Miller, KJ & Hart, T 2018, 'Comparative population genomics reveals key barriers to dispersal in Southern Ocean penguins', Molecular Ecology, vol. 27, no. 23, pp. 4680-4697. https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.14896

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AU - Clucas, Gemma V.

AU - Younger, Jane L.

AU - Kao, Damian

AU - Emmerson, Louise

AU - Southwell, Colin

AU - Wienecke, Barbara

AU - Rogers, Alex D.

AU - Bost, Charles André

AU - Miller, Gary D.

AU - Polito, Michael J.

AU - Lelliott, Patrick

AU - Handley, Jonathan

AU - Crofts, Sarah

AU - Phillips, Richard A.

AU - Dunn, Michael J.

AU - Miller, Karen J.

AU - Hart, Tom

N1 - Copyright the Author(s) 2018. Version archived for private and non-commercial use with the permission of the author/s and according to publisher conditions. For further rights please contact the publisher.

PY - 2018/12/1

Y1 - 2018/12/1

N2 - The mechanisms that determine patterns of species dispersal are important factors in the production and maintenance of biodiversity. Understanding these mechanisms helps to forecast the responses of species to environmental change. Here, we used a comparative framework and genomewide data obtained through RAD-Seq to compare the patterns of connectivity among breeding colonies for five penguin species with shared ancestry, overlapping distributions and differing ecological niches, allowing an examination of the intrinsic and extrinsic barriers governing dispersal patterns. Our findings show that at-sea range and oceanography underlie patterns of dispersal in these penguins. The pelagic niche of emperor (Aptenodytes forsteri), king (A. patagonicus), Adélie (Pygoscelis adeliae) and chinstrap (P. antarctica) penguins facilitates gene flow over thousands of kilometres. In contrast, the coastal niche of gentoo penguins (P. papua) limits dispersal, resulting in population divergences. Oceanographic fronts also act as dispersal barriers to some extent. We recommend that forecasts of extinction risk incorporate dispersal and that management units are defined by at-sea range and oceanography in species lacking genetic data.

AB - The mechanisms that determine patterns of species dispersal are important factors in the production and maintenance of biodiversity. Understanding these mechanisms helps to forecast the responses of species to environmental change. Here, we used a comparative framework and genomewide data obtained through RAD-Seq to compare the patterns of connectivity among breeding colonies for five penguin species with shared ancestry, overlapping distributions and differing ecological niches, allowing an examination of the intrinsic and extrinsic barriers governing dispersal patterns. Our findings show that at-sea range and oceanography underlie patterns of dispersal in these penguins. The pelagic niche of emperor (Aptenodytes forsteri), king (A. patagonicus), Adélie (Pygoscelis adeliae) and chinstrap (P. antarctica) penguins facilitates gene flow over thousands of kilometres. In contrast, the coastal niche of gentoo penguins (P. papua) limits dispersal, resulting in population divergences. Oceanographic fronts also act as dispersal barriers to some extent. We recommend that forecasts of extinction risk incorporate dispersal and that management units are defined by at-sea range and oceanography in species lacking genetic data.

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KW - genetic differentiation

KW - Polar Front

KW - population genomics

KW - Pygoscelis

KW - RAD-Seq

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DO - 10.1111/mec.14896

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SP - 4680

EP - 4697

JO - Molecular Ecology

JF - Molecular Ecology

SN - 0962-1083

IS - 23

ER -

Comparative population genomics reveals key barriers to dispersal in Southern Ocean penguins

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Keywords

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