Comparison of hardware implementations of Particle Filter and Extrapolated Single Propagation Particle Filter for tracking of Radio Frequency Interference sources

Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) are vulnerable to Radio Frequency Interference (RFI). Prior work has explored the use of Particle Filter (PF) for geo-locating RFI sources, but their high computational cost remains a challenge. This work presents a comparative study of hardware implementations of PF and its efficient variant, Extrapolated Single Propagation Particle Filter (ESP-PF), for RFI source tracking. Results show that the hardware implementation of PF performs slower than ESP-PF and has higher resource consumption. The work highlights the trade-offs between computational complexity and hardware resource utilisation, offering insights for optimised source tracking.