Consumer protection in energy markets—an introduction

The international scientific community has reached a consensus that limiting global temperature to below 2°C and striving to limit it to 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels is essential to avoid the most severe impacts of climate change. Consequently, the energy sector is undergoing a significant transformation as the world shifts towards a more sustainable, low-carbon energy system. The goal of halving global greenhouse gas emissions by 2030 and reaching net zero emissions by 2050, as outlined in the Paris Agreement on climate change, serves as a guiding principle in this transition; however, each nation can determine its own path through its declared ‘Nationally Determined Contributions’.