Control of dengue larvae of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus using the larvicidal bioactive compounds in different plant extracts and plant extract-mediated nanoparticles

Background: Dengue is a devastating viral disease transmitted by mosquito vectors of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. Mosquito populations thrive in favourable breeding conditions, making mosquito control vital. Eliminating larval populations is the most effective method compared with other mosquito control methods. Synthetic chemicals such as organochlorine, organophosphate, carbamate and growth regulators are available for mosquito control, but their use is limited due to health and environmental concerns. Biologically synthesized insecticides are preferable to synthetic insecticides as they are eco-friendly, low cost, target-specific and less toxic for non-target organisms. 

Mainbody: Plant-derived bioassays are commonly used to control virally transmitted vectors, as plants contain bioactive compounds such as phytochemicals and essential oils that have high larvicidal efficacy against various mosquito vectors. In addition, nanomaterials are garnering attention in mosquito control due to their eco-friendliness, cost-effectiveness and safety. Commonly used nanomaterials include metal nanoparticles, such as silver nanoparticles, known for their potent larvicidal effect. Nanomaterials can be biologically synthesized through the combination with plant materials and encapsulation of bioactive compounds to maintain their stability and efficacy. 

Conclusion: Various plant species and parts, as well as plant-derived nanoparticles, show diverse larvicidal activities against Aedes mosquitos. Among these, plant-mediated nanoparticles demonstrate excellent larvicidal properties against mosquito larvae, including Aedes species.