Cross-entropy method for design and optimization of pixelated metasurfaces

Maria Kovaleva; David Bulger; Karu P. Esselle

doi:10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3045188

Cross-entropy method for design and optimization of pixelated metasurfaces

Maria Kovaleva^*, David Bulger, Karu P. Esselle

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

5 Citations (Scopus)

43 Downloads (Pure)

Abstract

Electromagnetic metasurfaces are planar two-dimensional metamaterials, typically of subwavelength thickness. Unit cell elements of different shapes have been widely explored, including electric and magnetic dipoles, patches, arbitrary geometries and pixelated surfaces. Although pixelated metasurfaces have a great advantage of geometric versatility, their design and analysis requires algorithmic approach. One of the techniques for their design is via evolutionary simulation-driven optimization. Since full-wave electromagnetic simulations are time-consuming, optimization methods with fast convergence properties are preferable. In this article, we demonstrate the application of the cross-entropy optimization method to design of artificial magnetic conductors (AMCs) and thin printed phase shifters. Single-frequency AMCs at 10 GHz (X band) and dual-frequency AMCs at 8 and 12 GHz (X and Ku band) were produced that are more manufacturing-friendly, and thus cost effective, than previously reported AMCs. We also show that phase-shifting unit cells with transmission magnitudes over 0.9 (linear) can be designed using the proposed optimization technique. Other potential applications of these unit cells are in phase-correcting and beam-steering metasurfaces.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	224922-224931
Number of pages	10
Journal	IEEE Access
Volume	8
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3045188
Publication status	Published - 2020

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Copyright the Author(s). Version archived for private and non-commercial use with the permission of the author/s and according to publisher conditions. For further rights please contact the publisher.

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Publisher version (open access)Final published version, 2.15 MBLicence: CC BY

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title = "Cross-entropy method for design and optimization of pixelated metasurfaces",

abstract = "Electromagnetic metasurfaces are planar two-dimensional metamaterials, typically of subwavelength thickness. Unit cell elements of different shapes have been widely explored, including electric and magnetic dipoles, patches, arbitrary geometries and pixelated surfaces. Although pixelated metasurfaces have a great advantage of geometric versatility, their design and analysis requires algorithmic approach. One of the techniques for their design is via evolutionary simulation-driven optimization. Since full-wave electromagnetic simulations are time-consuming, optimization methods with fast convergence properties are preferable. In this article, we demonstrate the application of the cross-entropy optimization method to design of artificial magnetic conductors (AMCs) and thin printed phase shifters. Single-frequency AMCs at 10 GHz (X band) and dual-frequency AMCs at 8 and 12 GHz (X and Ku band) were produced that are more manufacturing-friendly, and thus cost effective, than previously reported AMCs. We also show that phase-shifting unit cells with transmission magnitudes over 0.9 (linear) can be designed using the proposed optimization technique. Other potential applications of these unit cells are in phase-correcting and beam-steering metasurfaces.",

author = "Maria Kovaleva and David Bulger and Esselle, {Karu P.}",

note = "Copyright the Author(s). Version archived for private and non-commercial use with the permission of the author/s and according to publisher conditions. For further rights please contact the publisher.",

year = "2020",

doi = "10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3045188",

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AU - Kovaleva, Maria

AU - Bulger, David

AU - Esselle, Karu P.

N1 - Copyright the Author(s). Version archived for private and non-commercial use with the permission of the author/s and according to publisher conditions. For further rights please contact the publisher.

PY - 2020

Y1 - 2020

N2 - Electromagnetic metasurfaces are planar two-dimensional metamaterials, typically of subwavelength thickness. Unit cell elements of different shapes have been widely explored, including electric and magnetic dipoles, patches, arbitrary geometries and pixelated surfaces. Although pixelated metasurfaces have a great advantage of geometric versatility, their design and analysis requires algorithmic approach. One of the techniques for their design is via evolutionary simulation-driven optimization. Since full-wave electromagnetic simulations are time-consuming, optimization methods with fast convergence properties are preferable. In this article, we demonstrate the application of the cross-entropy optimization method to design of artificial magnetic conductors (AMCs) and thin printed phase shifters. Single-frequency AMCs at 10 GHz (X band) and dual-frequency AMCs at 8 and 12 GHz (X and Ku band) were produced that are more manufacturing-friendly, and thus cost effective, than previously reported AMCs. We also show that phase-shifting unit cells with transmission magnitudes over 0.9 (linear) can be designed using the proposed optimization technique. Other potential applications of these unit cells are in phase-correcting and beam-steering metasurfaces.

AB - Electromagnetic metasurfaces are planar two-dimensional metamaterials, typically of subwavelength thickness. Unit cell elements of different shapes have been widely explored, including electric and magnetic dipoles, patches, arbitrary geometries and pixelated surfaces. Although pixelated metasurfaces have a great advantage of geometric versatility, their design and analysis requires algorithmic approach. One of the techniques for their design is via evolutionary simulation-driven optimization. Since full-wave electromagnetic simulations are time-consuming, optimization methods with fast convergence properties are preferable. In this article, we demonstrate the application of the cross-entropy optimization method to design of artificial magnetic conductors (AMCs) and thin printed phase shifters. Single-frequency AMCs at 10 GHz (X band) and dual-frequency AMCs at 8 and 12 GHz (X and Ku band) were produced that are more manufacturing-friendly, and thus cost effective, than previously reported AMCs. We also show that phase-shifting unit cells with transmission magnitudes over 0.9 (linear) can be designed using the proposed optimization technique. Other potential applications of these unit cells are in phase-correcting and beam-steering metasurfaces.

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Cross-entropy method for design and optimization of pixelated metasurfaces

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