Cryptanalysis of RC4(n, m) stream cipher

Mohammad Ali Orumiehchiha, Josef Pieprzyk, Elham Shakour, Ron Steinfeld

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceedingConference proceeding contributionpeer-review

9 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

RC4(n, m) is a stream cipher based on RC4 and is designed by G. Gong et al. It can be seen as a generalization of the famous RC4 stream cipher designed by Ron Rivest. The authors of RC4(n, m) claim that the cipher resists all the attacks that are successful against the original RC4. The paper reveals cryptographic weaknesses of the RC4(n, m) stream cipher. We develop two attacks. The first one is based on non-randomness of internal state and allows to distinguish it from a truly random cipher by an algorithm that has access to 24·n bits of the keystream. The second attack exploits low diffusion of bits in the KSA and PRGA algorithms and recovers all bytes of the secret key. This attack works only if the initial value of the cipher can be manipulated. Apart from the secret key, the cipher uses two other inputs, namely, initial value and initial vector. Although these inputs are fixed in the cipher specification, some applications may allow the inputs to be under the attacker control. Assuming that the attacker can control the initial value, we show a distinguisher for the cipher and a secret key recovery attack that for the L-bit secret key, is able to recover it with about (L/n) · 2 n steps. The attack has been implemented on a standard PC and can reconstruct the secret key of RC(8,32) in less than a second.

Original languageEnglish
Title of host publicationSIN 2013 - Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Security of Information and Networks
EditorsAtilla Elçi, Alexander Chefranov, Manoj Singh Gaur, Mehmet A. Orgun, Oleg B. Makarevich, Yasin Çelik
Place of PublicationNew York
PublisherACM
Pages165-172
Number of pages8
ISBN (Print)9781450324984
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 2013
Event6th International Conference on Security of Information and Networks, SIN 2013 - Aksaray, Turkey
Duration: 26 Nov 201328 Nov 2013

Other

Other6th International Conference on Security of Information and Networks, SIN 2013
Country/TerritoryTurkey
CityAksaray
Period26/11/1328/11/13

Keywords

  • RC4(n,m) stream cipher
  • cryptanalysis
  • key recovery attack
  • distinguishing attack
  • RC4-like cipher
  • weak keys
  • weak states

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