TY - JOUR
T1 - Current theranostic approaches for metastatic cancers through hypoxia-induced exosomal packaged cargo
AU - Singh, Manisha
AU - Agarwal, Shriya
AU - Agarwal, Vinayak
AU - Mall, Shweta
AU - Pancham, Pranav
AU - Mani, Shalini
PY - 2021/12/1
Y1 - 2021/12/1
N2 - Tumour cells exhibit numerous defence mechanisms against various therapeutic strategies and help in developing drug resistance. These defence strategies help cancer cells prevent their elimination from an organism and prosper at a specific location. In recent times it's been observed that there is a significant contribution of secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs) from such tumorigenic sites in the development and prognosis of cancer. Amongst the various types of EVs, exosomes behave like biological carriers, play a crucial role in transporting the content between different cells, and had such an underrated defence mode by getting induced due to the hypoxia secreted highly specialised double-membrane structures. These small structure vesicles play a critical part in regulating local microenvironment and intracellular communications, cited by many research studies. Exosomes are a potential carrier of several cargo biomolecules like proteins, lipids, miRNAs, mRNAs etc., facilitating better communication within the microenvironment of cancer cells, enhancing the metastatic rate along with cancer progression. Several studies have extensively researched elucidating exosomes mediated radiation-induced bystander effects: multidrug resistance, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and help cancer cells escape from the immune system apart from playing a critical role in angiogenesis too. Due to its natural tendency to carry different biomolecules, it can also be used to haul chemical drugs and efficiently deliver the drug molecules to the targeted site of cancer. The current review aims to explore the vivid role of hypoxia-induced exosomes in tumour progression along with its application and challenges in cancer therapeutics.
AB - Tumour cells exhibit numerous defence mechanisms against various therapeutic strategies and help in developing drug resistance. These defence strategies help cancer cells prevent their elimination from an organism and prosper at a specific location. In recent times it's been observed that there is a significant contribution of secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs) from such tumorigenic sites in the development and prognosis of cancer. Amongst the various types of EVs, exosomes behave like biological carriers, play a crucial role in transporting the content between different cells, and had such an underrated defence mode by getting induced due to the hypoxia secreted highly specialised double-membrane structures. These small structure vesicles play a critical part in regulating local microenvironment and intracellular communications, cited by many research studies. Exosomes are a potential carrier of several cargo biomolecules like proteins, lipids, miRNAs, mRNAs etc., facilitating better communication within the microenvironment of cancer cells, enhancing the metastatic rate along with cancer progression. Several studies have extensively researched elucidating exosomes mediated radiation-induced bystander effects: multidrug resistance, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and help cancer cells escape from the immune system apart from playing a critical role in angiogenesis too. Due to its natural tendency to carry different biomolecules, it can also be used to haul chemical drugs and efficiently deliver the drug molecules to the targeted site of cancer. The current review aims to explore the vivid role of hypoxia-induced exosomes in tumour progression along with its application and challenges in cancer therapeutics.
KW - Angiogenesis
KW - Biosynthesis
KW - Extracellular vesicles (EVs)
KW - Hypoxia induced factors (HIF)
KW - Immunotherapy
KW - Melanoma inhibitory activity (MIA)
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85117373258&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120017
DO - 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120017
M3 - Review article
C2 - 34619169
AN - SCOPUS:85117373258
SN - 0024-3205
VL - 286
SP - 1
EP - 10
JO - Life Sciences
JF - Life Sciences
M1 - 120017
ER -