Development of IoT soil sensor node: installation and modeling

Smart sensors, robots, wireless networks, big data analytics, machine learning, and more advanced technologies are now part of Agriculture 4.0. Experts in meteorology and agronomy can now make financially advantageous and ecologically responsible choices thanks to these cutting-edge technologies. To gather information about soil moisture, several sensing techniques have recently been developed. But when it came to efficacy and dependability, the studies showed serious shortcomings. This study describes the design, development, and field testing of a low-cost, multi-depth IoT soil sensor node that can communicate real-time field data with scalability and high spatial resolution. Before being used in a real pilot farm, the sensors are calibrated and tested in the laboratory. To improve the general comprehension of land and climate conditions, the proposed sensor node additionally used an environmental sensor and a tipping rain sensor. Weather forecasting and irrigation scheduling are two long-term applications that can benefit greatly from the initial data from the field sensors. Such a system with collaboration with industry can be seen as a cost-effective solution to expensive commercial tools.