Abstract
Importance
Numerous dietary factors have been shown to reduce progression from early to late age‐related macular degeneration (AMD), however, little is known on their impact in patients diagnosed with late‐stage disease.
Background
To determine whether a dietary intake high in antioxidants and zinc, fruits, vegetables and fish is associated with favourable clinical outcomes in patients with neovascular AMD (nAMD) undergoing anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor therapy.
Design
Cross‐sectional study carried out at a private ophthalmology clinic.
Participants
Five hundred forty‐seven participants with nAMD.
Methods
Diet was determined using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Presence of intra‐retinal and sub‐retinal fluid (IRF, SRF), pigment epithelial detachment and central macular thickness (CMT) were recorded from ocular coherence tomography images.
Main Outcome Measures
Fluid presence, mean CMT and visual acuity.
Results
Participants with daily zinc intake below (n = 91) vs above (n = 333) 8.1 mg had greater odds of SRF being present, multivariable‐adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 0.56 (95% CI 0.36‐0.96). This association was stronger in persons with at least 6 months of treatment, OR of 0.32 (95% CI 0.14‐0.75). In the entire cohort, participants in the lowest or first quartile compared to those in the upper three quartiles of zinc intake combined had significantly greater mean CMT (254.81 μm vs 232.15 μm, respectively, multivariable‐adjusted P = .03).
Conclusions and Relevance
Low dietary zinc intake was associated with a greater likelihood of SRF presence, particularly in those treated for at least 6 months, and increased macular thickness in treated eyes with nAMD.
Numerous dietary factors have been shown to reduce progression from early to late age‐related macular degeneration (AMD), however, little is known on their impact in patients diagnosed with late‐stage disease.
Background
To determine whether a dietary intake high in antioxidants and zinc, fruits, vegetables and fish is associated with favourable clinical outcomes in patients with neovascular AMD (nAMD) undergoing anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor therapy.
Design
Cross‐sectional study carried out at a private ophthalmology clinic.
Participants
Five hundred forty‐seven participants with nAMD.
Methods
Diet was determined using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Presence of intra‐retinal and sub‐retinal fluid (IRF, SRF), pigment epithelial detachment and central macular thickness (CMT) were recorded from ocular coherence tomography images.
Main Outcome Measures
Fluid presence, mean CMT and visual acuity.
Results
Participants with daily zinc intake below (n = 91) vs above (n = 333) 8.1 mg had greater odds of SRF being present, multivariable‐adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 0.56 (95% CI 0.36‐0.96). This association was stronger in persons with at least 6 months of treatment, OR of 0.32 (95% CI 0.14‐0.75). In the entire cohort, participants in the lowest or first quartile compared to those in the upper three quartiles of zinc intake combined had significantly greater mean CMT (254.81 μm vs 232.15 μm, respectively, multivariable‐adjusted P = .03).
Conclusions and Relevance
Low dietary zinc intake was associated with a greater likelihood of SRF presence, particularly in those treated for at least 6 months, and increased macular thickness in treated eyes with nAMD.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 61-68 |
| Number of pages | 8 |
| Journal | Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology |
| Volume | 48 |
| Issue number | 1 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - Jan 2020 |
| Externally published | Yes |
Keywords
- age‐related macular degeneration
- epidemiology
- micronutrient
- age-related macular degeneration