Differences in Earthquake source and ground motion characteristics between surface and buried faulting earthquakes

Paul Somerville*, Arben Pitarka

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceedingConference proceeding contributionpeer-review

19 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Previous work has shown that the ground motions from earthquakes that break the ground surface are weaker than those from buried faulting earthquakes. In this paper, we describe differences in kinematic and dynamic source parameters that may give rise to these differences in ground motion levels. From kinematic rupture models, we show that the slip velocity of surface faulting earthquakes is less that the slip velocity of buried faulting earthquakes. From dynamic rupture models, we infer that rupture in the shallow part of fault (upper few km) is controlled by velocity strengthening, with larger slip weakening distance Dc, larger fracture energy, larger energy absorption from the crack tip, lower rupture velocity, and lower slip velocity than at greater depths on the fault. Dynamic rupture modeling using these properties results in lower ground motions for surface faulting than for buried faulting events, consistent with the observations.

Original languageEnglish
Title of host publication8th US National Conference on Earthquake Engineering 2006
Place of PublicationOakland
PublisherEarthquake Engineering Research Institute (EERI)
Pages5679-5688
Number of pages10
Volume10
ISBN (Print)9781615670444
Publication statusPublished - 2006
Externally publishedYes
Event8th US National Conference on Earthquake Engineering 2006 - San Francisco, CA, United States
Duration: 18 Apr 200622 Apr 2006

Other

Other8th US National Conference on Earthquake Engineering 2006
Country/TerritoryUnited States
CitySan Francisco, CA
Period18/04/0622/04/06

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