Disk modelling by radiation-magnetohydrodynamic simulations

Historically, various accretion models have been discussed under radially one-zone approximations. In such one-zone models, however, dynamical aspects of the accretion flow, such as internal circulation and outflows, have been totally neglected. Further, the disk viscosity is usually described by the phenomenological α-viscosity model. We, here, elucidate the theory of accretion flows and outflows based on our global, two-dimensional radiation-magnetohydrodynamic simulations, not relying on the α model. We have succeeded in producing three distinct states of accretion flow by controling only one parameter, a density normalization. Of particular importance is the presence of outflows in all three states. Several noteworthy features of the supercritical (or super-Eddington) accretion flows are found; that is, relativistic, collimated outflows (jets), and low-velocity, uncollimated outflows with clumpy structure. Observational implications are briefly discussed.