Environmental history, environmental management and the public record: Will the records be there when you need them?

Developing solutions to current environmental crises depends on understanding through the historical record how the planet attained its current state. Since first European settlement in 1788 parts of the Sydney estuary (Port Jackson, Middle Harbour, Lane Cove River and the Parramatta River) have been substantially modified by dredging and foreshore reclamation, activities with significant environmental implications. Dredging in particular took place over a period of more than 140 years, removing as much as lOOM tonnes of material from the estuary and redistributing it in reclamation sites or offshore. Investigation of the history of dredging in the estuary reveals major gaps in the records, with even basic information on gross annual expenditure and quantities not available through periods of major dredging works. This article examines the availability of the 'public record' relating to this single government activity in the light of archival theory on the appraisal and retention of records. The dredging records are used to test whether recent archival practices in New South Wales have been able to identify and preserve an adequate record in a sphere of activity which has a range of demonstrable environmental consequences and which has generated records of scientific importance. In finding they have not, suggestions are made for ways in which environmental managers might influence future retention of records of environmental significance.