Exclusion of overlapping symptoms in DSM-5 mixed features specifier: heuristic diagnostic and treatment implications

Gin S. Malhi*, Yulisha Byrow, Tim Outhred, Kristina Fritz

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

25 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

This article focuses on the controversial decision to exclude the overlapping symptoms of distractibility, irritability, and psychomotor agitation (DIP) with the introduction of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) mixed features specifier. In order to understand the placement of mixed states within the current classification system, we first review the evolution of mixed states. Then, using Kraepelin's original classification of mixed states, we compare and contrast his conceptualization with modern day definitions. The DSM-5 workgroup excluded DIP symptoms, arguing that they lack the ability to differentiate between manic and depressive states; however, accumulating evidence suggests that DIP symptoms may be core features of mixed states. We suggest a return to a Kraepelinian approach to classification - with mood, ideation, and activity as key axes - and reintegration of DIP symptoms as features that are expressed across presentations. An inclusive definition of mixed states is urgently needed to resolve confusion in clinical practice and to redirect future research efforts.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)126-133
Number of pages8
JournalCNS Spectrums
Volume22
Issue number2
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Apr 2017
Externally publishedYes

Keywords

  • agitated depression
  • bipolar disorder
  • depression
  • DSM-5
  • mixed features
  • mixed mania
  • mixed states

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