Existential learning: clarifying Jarvis' learning paths

It is widely recognized that individuals learn in different ways, although there is some disagreement on the paths learners take. In response to Kolb’s (1984) Experiential Learning Model, Jarvis’ proposed an Existential Learning Model to identify multiple routes that learners use. Critically examining Jarvis’ model reveals problems: the model reflects neither its supporting text, nor sound modeling practices and conventions, is subject to an error in discourse, and fails to depict the specific learning routes that Jarvis’ own research identified. This paper develops Jarvis’ model to align it with the theory, clearly depicts learning routes, and proposes a more logical and effective model that aligns with modeling theorists’ criteria.