@inbook{af2e2f52dac14ad1bab08b140980564a,
title = "Expedition 401 summary",
abstract = "Marine gateways play a critical role in the exchange of water, heat, salt, and nutrients between oceans and seas. Changes in gateway geometry can significantly alter both the pattern of global ocean circulation and climate. Today, the volume of dense water supplied by Atlantic–Mediterranean exchange through the Gibraltar Strait is among the largest in the global ocean. For the past 5 My, this overflow has generated a saline plume at intermediate depths in the Atlantic that deposits distinctive contouritic sediments and contributes to the formation of North Atlantic Deep Water. This single gateway configuration only developed in the Early Pliocene. During the Miocene, two narrow corridors linked the Mediterranean and Atlantic: one in northern Morocco and the other in southern Spain. Progressive restriction and closure of these corridors resulted in extreme salinity fluctuations in the Mediterranean and the precipitation of the Messinian Salinity Crisis salt giant. International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Expedition 401 is the offshore drilling component of a Land-2-Sea drilling proposal, Investigating Miocene Mediterranean–Atlantic Gateway Exchange (IMMAGE). Its aim is to recover a complete record of Atlantic–Mediterranean exchange from its Late Miocene inception to its current configuration by targeting Miocene offshore sediments on either side of the Gibraltar Strait. Miocene cores from the two precursor connections now exposed on land will be obtained by future International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP) campaigns.",
keywords = "Albor{\'a}n Basin, Atlantic, cemented carbonate, contourite, debrite, drift, Earth Systems Models, evaporite, exchange, Expedition 401, Gibraltar, Gulf of C{\'a}diz, gypsum, halite, hemipelagite, IMMAGE, International Ocean Discovery Program, IODP, JOIDES Resolution, Land-2-Sea, Mediterranean, Mediterranean Overflow Water, Mediterranean–Atlantic Gateway Exchange, Messinian, Messinian Salinity Crisis, Miocene, mixed system, MOW, organic-rich mud, outflow, Pliocene, Portuguese margin, precession, salt giant, sandstone, sapropel, Sines drift, Site U1385, Site U1609, Site U1610, Site U1611, slump, Tortonian, turbidite",
author = "R. Flecker and E. Ducassou and T. Williams and U. Amarathunga and B. Balestra and Berke, \{M. A.\} and Bl{\"a}ttler, \{C. L.\} and S. Chin and M. Das and K. Egawa and N. Fabregas and Feakins, \{S. J.\} and George, \{S. C.\} and Hern{\'a}ndez-Molina, \{F. J.\} and W. Krijgsman and Z. Li and J. Liu and D. Noto and F. Raad and Rodr{\'i}guez-Tovar, \{F. J.\} and Sierro, \{F. J.\} and P. Standring and J. Stine and E. Tanaka and M. Teixeira and X. Xu and S. Yin and Yousfi, \{M. Z.\}",
note = "Version archived for private and non-commercial use with the permission of the author/s and according to publisher conditions. For further rights please contact the publisher.",
year = "2025",
month = jul,
day = "7",
doi = "10.14379/iodp.proc.401.101.2025",
language = "English",
series = "International Ocean Discovery Program: Preliminary Reports",
publisher = "International Ocean Discovery Program",
pages = "1--46",
booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Ocean Discovery Program",
}