TY - JOUR
T1 - Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for 2009 influenza A(H1N1) acute respiratory distress syndrome
AU - Davies, Andrew R.
AU - Jones, Daryl
AU - Bailey, Michael
AU - Beca, John
AU - Bellomo, Rinaldo
AU - Blackwell, Nikki
AU - Forrest, Paul
AU - Gattas, David
AU - Granger, Emily
AU - Herkes, Robert
AU - Jackson, Andrew
AU - McGuinness, Shay
AU - Nair, Priya
AU - Pellegrino, Vincent
AU - Pettilä, Ville
AU - Plunkett, Brian
AU - Pye, Roger
AU - Torzillo, Paul
AU - Webb, Steve
AU - Wilson, Michael
AU - Ziegenfuss, Marc
PY - 2009
Y1 - 2009
N2 - Context: The novel influenza A(H1N1) pandemic affected Australia and New Zealand during the 2009 southern hemisphere winter. It caused an epidemic of critical illness and some patients developed severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and were treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Objectives: To describe the characteristics of all patients with 2009 influenza A(H1N1)-associated ARDS treated with ECMO and to report incidence, resource utilization, and patient outcomes. Design, Setting, and Patients: An observational study of all patients (n=68) with 2009 influenza A(H1N1)-associated ARDS treated with ECMO in 15 intensive care units (ICUs) in Australia and New Zealand between June 1 and August 31, 2009. Main Outcome Measures: Incidence, clinical features, degree of pulmonary dysfunction, technical characteristics, duration of ECMO, complications, and survival. Results: Sixty-eight patients with severe influenza-associated ARDS were treated with ECMO, of whom 61 had either confirmed 2009 influenza A(H1N1) (n=53) or influenza A not subtyped (n=8), representing an incidence rate of 2.6 ECMO cases per million population. An additional 133 patients with influenza A received mechanical ventilation but no ECMO in the same ICUs. The 68 patients who received ECMO had a median (interquartile range [IQR]) age of 34.4 (26.6-43.1) years and 34 patients (50%) were men. Before ECMO, patients had severe respiratory failure despite advanced mechanical ventilatory support with a median (IQR) PaO2/fraction of inspired oxygen (FIO2) ratio of 56 (48-63), positive end-expiratory pressure of 18 (15-20) cm H 2O, and an acute lung injury score of 3.8 (3.5-4.0). The median (IQR) duration of ECMO support was 10 (7-15) days. At the time of reporting, 48 of the 68 patients (71%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 60%-82%) had survived to ICU discharge, of whom 32 had survived to hospital discharge and 16 remained as hospital inpatients. Fourteen patients (21%; 95% CI, 11%-30%) had died and 6 remained in the ICU, 2 of whom were still receiving ECMO. Conclusions: During June to August 2009 in Australia and New Zealand, the ICUs at regional referral centers provided mechanical ventilation for many patients with 2009 influenza A(H1N1)-associated respiratory failure, one-third of whom received ECMO. These ECMO-treated patients were often young adults with severe hypoxemia and had a 21% mortality rate at the end of the study period.
AB - Context: The novel influenza A(H1N1) pandemic affected Australia and New Zealand during the 2009 southern hemisphere winter. It caused an epidemic of critical illness and some patients developed severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and were treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Objectives: To describe the characteristics of all patients with 2009 influenza A(H1N1)-associated ARDS treated with ECMO and to report incidence, resource utilization, and patient outcomes. Design, Setting, and Patients: An observational study of all patients (n=68) with 2009 influenza A(H1N1)-associated ARDS treated with ECMO in 15 intensive care units (ICUs) in Australia and New Zealand between June 1 and August 31, 2009. Main Outcome Measures: Incidence, clinical features, degree of pulmonary dysfunction, technical characteristics, duration of ECMO, complications, and survival. Results: Sixty-eight patients with severe influenza-associated ARDS were treated with ECMO, of whom 61 had either confirmed 2009 influenza A(H1N1) (n=53) or influenza A not subtyped (n=8), representing an incidence rate of 2.6 ECMO cases per million population. An additional 133 patients with influenza A received mechanical ventilation but no ECMO in the same ICUs. The 68 patients who received ECMO had a median (interquartile range [IQR]) age of 34.4 (26.6-43.1) years and 34 patients (50%) were men. Before ECMO, patients had severe respiratory failure despite advanced mechanical ventilatory support with a median (IQR) PaO2/fraction of inspired oxygen (FIO2) ratio of 56 (48-63), positive end-expiratory pressure of 18 (15-20) cm H 2O, and an acute lung injury score of 3.8 (3.5-4.0). The median (IQR) duration of ECMO support was 10 (7-15) days. At the time of reporting, 48 of the 68 patients (71%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 60%-82%) had survived to ICU discharge, of whom 32 had survived to hospital discharge and 16 remained as hospital inpatients. Fourteen patients (21%; 95% CI, 11%-30%) had died and 6 remained in the ICU, 2 of whom were still receiving ECMO. Conclusions: During June to August 2009 in Australia and New Zealand, the ICUs at regional referral centers provided mechanical ventilation for many patients with 2009 influenza A(H1N1)-associated respiratory failure, one-third of whom received ECMO. These ECMO-treated patients were often young adults with severe hypoxemia and had a 21% mortality rate at the end of the study period.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=70449721874&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1001/jama.2009.1535
DO - 10.1001/jama.2009.1535
M3 - Article
C2 - 19822628
AN - SCOPUS:70449721874
SN - 0098-7484
VL - 302
SP - 1888
EP - 1895
JO - JAMA: Journal of the American Medical Association
JF - JAMA: Journal of the American Medical Association
IS - 17
ER -