Factors to consider when designing writing groups for off-campus doctoral candidates

In this paper, we outline factors to consider when organizing writing groups for off-campus doctoral candidates, identifying possible design options and the broader considerations that should inform which options are taken. We begin by reviewing issues typically faced by doctoral candidates pursuing their degrees at a distance, such as social isolation and limited access to resources and communities of practice. We then draw on prior studies on doctoral education to discuss ways of meeting the logistical, sustainability and pedagogical demands to be considered by institutions seeking to improve the experience of their off-campus doctoral candidates. We argue that writing groups conducted via CMC tools have the potential to address a number of the issues identified and conclude by outlining a framework capable of informing relevant stakeholders in designing writing groups for off-campus doctoral candidates.