First evidence of denitrification vis-à-vis monsoon in the Arabian Sea since Late Miocene

Shubham Tripathi; Manish Tiwari; Jongmin Lee; Boo-Keun Khim; IODP Expedition 355 Scientists

doi:10.1038/srep43056

First evidence of denitrification vis-à-vis monsoon in the Arabian Sea since Late Miocene

Shubham Tripathi, Manish Tiwari^*, Jongmin Lee, Boo-Keun Khim, IODP Expedition 355 Scientists

^*Corresponding author for this work

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Abstract

In the Arabian Sea, South Asian monsoon (SAM)-induced high surface water productivity coupled with poor ventilation of intermediate water results in strong denitrification within the oxygen minimum zone (OMZ). Despite the significance of denitrification in the Arabian Sea, we have no long-term record of its evolution spanning the past several million years. Here, we present the first record of denitrification evolution since Late Miocene (∼10.2 Ma) in the Eastern Arabian Sea, where the SAM generates moderate surface water productivity, based on the samples retrieved during the International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Expedition 355. We find that (i) the SAM was persistently weaker from ∼10.2 to 3.1 Ma; it did not intensify at ∼8 Ma in contrast to a few previous studies, (ii) on tectonic timescale, both the SAM and the East Asian Monsoon (EAM) varied synchronously, (iii) the first evidence of denitrification and productivity/SAM intensification was at ∼3.2-2.8 Ma that coincided with Mid-Pliocene Warm Period (MPWP), and (iv) the modern strength of the OMZ where denitrification is a permanent feature was attained at ∼1.0 Ma.

Original language	English
Article number	43056
Pages (from-to)	1-7
Number of pages	7
Journal	Scientific Reports
Volume	7
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/srep43056
Publication status	Published - 21 Feb 2017

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Copyright The Author(s) 2017. Version archived for private and non-commercial use with the permission of the author/s and according to publisher conditions. For further rights please contact the publisher.

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title = "First evidence of denitrification vis-{\`a}-vis monsoon in the Arabian Sea since Late Miocene",

abstract = "In the Arabian Sea, South Asian monsoon (SAM)-induced high surface water productivity coupled with poor ventilation of intermediate water results in strong denitrification within the oxygen minimum zone (OMZ). Despite the significance of denitrification in the Arabian Sea, we have no long-term record of its evolution spanning the past several million years. Here, we present the first record of denitrification evolution since Late Miocene (∼10.2 Ma) in the Eastern Arabian Sea, where the SAM generates moderate surface water productivity, based on the samples retrieved during the International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Expedition 355. We find that (i) the SAM was persistently weaker from ∼10.2 to 3.1 Ma; it did not intensify at ∼8 Ma in contrast to a few previous studies, (ii) on tectonic timescale, both the SAM and the East Asian Monsoon (EAM) varied synchronously, (iii) the first evidence of denitrification and productivity/SAM intensification was at ∼3.2-2.8 Ma that coincided with Mid-Pliocene Warm Period (MPWP), and (iv) the modern strength of the OMZ where denitrification is a permanent feature was attained at ∼1.0 Ma.",

author = "Shubham Tripathi and Manish Tiwari and Jongmin Lee and Boo-Keun Khim and {IODP Expedition 355 Scientists} and Pandey, {Dhananjai K.} and Clift, {Peter D.} and Kulhanek, {Denise K.} and Sergio And{\`o} and Bendle, {James A.P.} and Sophia Aharonovich and Griffith, {Elizabeth M.} and Gurumurthy, {Gundiga P.} and Annette Hahn and Masao Iwai and Anil Kumar and {Ganesh Kumar}, A. and Liddy, {Hannah M.} and Huayu Lu and Lyle, {Mitchell W.} and Ravi Mishra and Tallavajhala Radhakrishna and Routledge, {Claire M.} and Rajeev Saraswat and Rakesh Saxena and Giancarlo Scardia and Sharma, {Girish K.} and Singh, {Arun D.} and Stephan Steinke and Kenta Suzuki and Lisa Tauxe and Zhaokai Xu and Zhaojie Yu",

note = "Copyright The Author(s) 2017. Version archived for private and non-commercial use with the permission of the author/s and according to publisher conditions. For further rights please contact the publisher.",

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AU - Tripathi, Shubham

AU - Tiwari, Manish

AU - Lee, Jongmin

AU - Khim, Boo-Keun

AU - IODP Expedition 355 Scientists

AU - Pandey, Dhananjai K.

AU - Clift, Peter D.

AU - Kulhanek, Denise K.

AU - Andò, Sergio

AU - Bendle, James A.P.

AU - Aharonovich, Sophia

AU - Griffith, Elizabeth M.

AU - Gurumurthy, Gundiga P.

AU - Hahn, Annette

AU - Iwai, Masao

AU - Kumar, Anil

AU - Ganesh Kumar, A.

AU - Liddy, Hannah M.

AU - Lu, Huayu

AU - Lyle, Mitchell W.

AU - Mishra, Ravi

AU - Radhakrishna, Tallavajhala

AU - Routledge, Claire M.

AU - Saraswat, Rajeev

AU - Saxena, Rakesh

AU - Scardia, Giancarlo

AU - Sharma, Girish K.

AU - Singh, Arun D.

AU - Steinke, Stephan

AU - Suzuki, Kenta

AU - Tauxe, Lisa

AU - Xu, Zhaokai

AU - Yu, Zhaojie

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PY - 2017/2/21

Y1 - 2017/2/21

N2 - In the Arabian Sea, South Asian monsoon (SAM)-induced high surface water productivity coupled with poor ventilation of intermediate water results in strong denitrification within the oxygen minimum zone (OMZ). Despite the significance of denitrification in the Arabian Sea, we have no long-term record of its evolution spanning the past several million years. Here, we present the first record of denitrification evolution since Late Miocene (∼10.2 Ma) in the Eastern Arabian Sea, where the SAM generates moderate surface water productivity, based on the samples retrieved during the International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Expedition 355. We find that (i) the SAM was persistently weaker from ∼10.2 to 3.1 Ma; it did not intensify at ∼8 Ma in contrast to a few previous studies, (ii) on tectonic timescale, both the SAM and the East Asian Monsoon (EAM) varied synchronously, (iii) the first evidence of denitrification and productivity/SAM intensification was at ∼3.2-2.8 Ma that coincided with Mid-Pliocene Warm Period (MPWP), and (iv) the modern strength of the OMZ where denitrification is a permanent feature was attained at ∼1.0 Ma.

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First evidence of denitrification vis-à-vis monsoon in the Arabian Sea since Late Miocene

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