TY - JOUR
T1 - Formation and stability of Pb-, Zn-& Cu-PO 4 phases at low temperatures
T2 - Implications for heavy metal fixation in polar environments
AU - White, Duanne A.
AU - Hafsteinsdóttir, Erla G.
AU - Gore, Damian B.
AU - Thorogood, Gordon
AU - Stark, Scott C.
PY - 2012/2
Y1 - 2012/2
N2 - Low temperatures and frequent soil freeze-thaw in polar environments present challenges for the immobilisation of metals. To address these challenges we investigated the chemical forms of Pb, Zn and Cu in an Antarctic landfill, examined in vitro reaction kinetics of these metals and orthophosphate at 2 and 22 °C for up to 185 days, and subjected the products to freeze-thaw. Reaction products at both temperatures were similar, but the rate of production varied, with Cu-PO 4 phases forming faster, and the Zn- and Pb-PO 4 phases slower at 2 °C. All metal-orthophosphate phases produced were stable during a 2.5 h freeze-thaw cycle to -30 °C. Metal immobilisation using orthophosphate can be successful in polar regions, but treatments will need to consider differing mineral stabilities and reaction rates at low temperatures.
AB - Low temperatures and frequent soil freeze-thaw in polar environments present challenges for the immobilisation of metals. To address these challenges we investigated the chemical forms of Pb, Zn and Cu in an Antarctic landfill, examined in vitro reaction kinetics of these metals and orthophosphate at 2 and 22 °C for up to 185 days, and subjected the products to freeze-thaw. Reaction products at both temperatures were similar, but the rate of production varied, with Cu-PO 4 phases forming faster, and the Zn- and Pb-PO 4 phases slower at 2 °C. All metal-orthophosphate phases produced were stable during a 2.5 h freeze-thaw cycle to -30 °C. Metal immobilisation using orthophosphate can be successful in polar regions, but treatments will need to consider differing mineral stabilities and reaction rates at low temperatures.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=80155166455&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.envpol.2011.09.035
DO - 10.1016/j.envpol.2011.09.035
M3 - Article
C2 - 22230079
AN - SCOPUS:80155166455
SN - 0269-7491
VL - 161
SP - 143
EP - 153
JO - Environmental Pollution
JF - Environmental Pollution
ER -