Formulaic sequences in spoken ENL, ESL and EFL: focus on British English, Indian English and learner English of advanced German learners

Sandra Götz; Marco Schilk

Formulaic sequences in spoken ENL, ESL and EFL: focus on British English, Indian English and learner English of advanced German learners

Sandra Götz, Marco Schilk

Department of International Studies Languages and Cultures

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Chapter › peer-review

Abstract

In this pilot study we set out to compare formulaic sequences of the type of 3-grams in ENL (spoken British English), EFL (English spoken by advanced German learners of English) and ESL (spoken Indian English). The study shows that, for the overall number of types and tokens, there are no significant differences between ENL and ESL, but there are significantly fewer 3-grams in EFL vs. ENL. A comparison of the common core (i.e. the 3-grams all three variants have in common) reveals that these common-core 3-grams are significantly more frequently used in ESL and EFL-variants compared to ENL. A functional analysis shows differences in the distribution of the 3-grams across the variants. A study of the variant-specific 3-grams reveals less variability in EFL vs. ENL but a higher number and variability of both types and tokens in ESL.

Original language	English
Title of host publication	Exploring second-language varieties of English and learner Englishes
Subtitle of host publication	bridging a paradigm gap
Editors	Joybrato Mukherjee, Marianne Hundt
Place of Publication	Amsterdam ; Philadelphia
Publisher	John Benjamins Publishing Company
Pages	79-100
Number of pages	22
ISBN (Print)	9789027223203
Publication status	Published - 2011

Publication series

Name	Studies in corpus linguistics
Publisher	John Benjamins Publishing Company
Volume	44

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Götz, S., & Schilk, M. (2011). Formulaic sequences in spoken ENL, ESL and EFL: focus on British English, Indian English and learner English of advanced German learners. In J. Mukherjee, & M. Hundt (Eds.), Exploring second-language varieties of English and learner Englishes: bridging a paradigm gap (pp. 79-100). (Studies in corpus linguistics; Vol. 44). John Benjamins Publishing Company.

Götz, Sandra ; Schilk, Marco. / Formulaic sequences in spoken ENL, ESL and EFL : focus on British English, Indian English and learner English of advanced German learners. Exploring second-language varieties of English and learner Englishes: bridging a paradigm gap. editor / Joybrato Mukherjee ; Marianne Hundt. Amsterdam ; Philadelphia : John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2011. pp. 79-100 (Studies in corpus linguistics).

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abstract = "In this pilot study we set out to compare formulaic sequences of the type of 3-grams in ENL (spoken British English), EFL (English spoken by advanced German learners of English) and ESL (spoken Indian English). The study shows that, for the overall number of types and tokens, there are no significant differences between ENL and ESL, but there are significantly fewer 3-grams in EFL vs. ENL. A comparison of the common core (i.e. the 3-grams all three variants have in common) reveals that these common-core 3-grams are significantly more frequently used in ESL and EFL-variants compared to ENL. A functional analysis shows differences in the distribution of the 3-grams across the variants. A study of the variant-specific 3-grams reveals less variability in EFL vs. ENL but a higher number and variability of both types and tokens in ESL.",

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Götz, S & Schilk, M 2011, Formulaic sequences in spoken ENL, ESL and EFL: focus on British English, Indian English and learner English of advanced German learners. in J Mukherjee & M Hundt (eds), Exploring second-language varieties of English and learner Englishes: bridging a paradigm gap. Studies in corpus linguistics, vol. 44, John Benjamins Publishing Company, Amsterdam ; Philadelphia, pp. 79-100.

Formulaic sequences in spoken ENL, ESL and EFL : focus on British English, Indian English and learner English of advanced German learners. / Götz, Sandra; Schilk, Marco.

Exploring second-language varieties of English and learner Englishes: bridging a paradigm gap. ed. / Joybrato Mukherjee; Marianne Hundt. Amsterdam ; Philadelphia : John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2011. p. 79-100 (Studies in corpus linguistics; Vol. 44).

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Chapter › peer-review

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AB - In this pilot study we set out to compare formulaic sequences of the type of 3-grams in ENL (spoken British English), EFL (English spoken by advanced German learners of English) and ESL (spoken Indian English). The study shows that, for the overall number of types and tokens, there are no significant differences between ENL and ESL, but there are significantly fewer 3-grams in EFL vs. ENL. A comparison of the common core (i.e. the 3-grams all three variants have in common) reveals that these common-core 3-grams are significantly more frequently used in ESL and EFL-variants compared to ENL. A functional analysis shows differences in the distribution of the 3-grams across the variants. A study of the variant-specific 3-grams reveals less variability in EFL vs. ENL but a higher number and variability of both types and tokens in ESL.

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Götz S, Schilk M. Formulaic sequences in spoken ENL, ESL and EFL: focus on British English, Indian English and learner English of advanced German learners. In Mukherjee J, Hundt M, editors, Exploring second-language varieties of English and learner Englishes: bridging a paradigm gap. Amsterdam ; Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company. 2011. p. 79-100. (Studies in corpus linguistics).