Full-wave analysis of inhomogeneous waveguiding structures containing corners with singular hierarchical curl-conforming vector bases

Inhomogeneous waveguiding structures containing corners, even dielectric corners, cannot be modeled efficiently with finite-element procedures based on conventional polynomial basis functions. Recently proposed singular vector basis functions for triangular cells are used in a formulation that combines transverse and longitudinal components for dielectric waveguide analysis. The additive hierarchical basis functions combine singular bases with a full set of existing hierarchical polynomial basis functions to form the representation. The improvement in the satisfaction of boundary conditions resulting from the use of the bases is illustrated.