Gemini High-resolution Optical Spectrograph (GHOST) at Gemini South: instrument performance and integration, first science, and next steps

V. M. Kalari; R. J. Diaz; G. Robertson; A. McConnachie; M. Ireland; R. Salinas; P. Young; C. Simpson; C. Hayes; J. Nielsen; G. Burley; J. Pazder; M. Gomez-Jimenez; E. Martioli; S. B. Howell; M. Jeong; S. Juneau; R. Ruiz-Carmona; S. Margheim; A. Sheinis; A. Anthony; G. Baker; T. A. M. Berg; T. Cao; E. Chapin; T. Chin; K. Chiboucas; V. Churilov; E. Deibert; A. Densmore; J. Dunn; M. L. Edgar; J. Heo; D. Henderson; T. Farrell; J. Font; V. Firpo; J. Fuentes; K. Labrie; S. Lambert; J. Lawrence; J. Lothrop; R. McDermid; B. W. Miller; G. Perez; V. M. Placco; P. Prado; C. Quiroz; F. Ramos; R. Rutten; K. M. G. Silva; J. Thomas-Osip; C. Urrutia; W. D. Vacca; K. Venn; F. Waller; L. Waller; M. White; S. Xu; R. Zhelem

doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ad72ed

Gemini High-resolution Optical Spectrograph (GHOST) at Gemini South: instrument performance and integration, first science, and next steps

V. M. Kalari, R. J. Diaz, G. Robertson, A. McConnachie, M. Ireland, R. Salinas, P. Young, C. Simpson, C. Hayes, J. Nielsen, G. Burley, J. Pazder, M. Gomez-Jimenez, E. Martioli, S. B. Howell, M. Jeong, S. Juneau, R. Ruiz-Carmona, S. Margheim, A. SheinisA. Anthony, G. Baker, T. A. M. Berg, T. Cao, E. Chapin, T. Chin, K. Chiboucas, V. Churilov, E. Deibert, A. Densmore, J. Dunn, M. L. Edgar, J. Heo, D. Henderson, T. Farrell, J. Font, V. Firpo, J. Fuentes, K. Labrie, S. Lambert, J. Lawrence, J. Lothrop, R. McDermid, B. W. Miller, G. Perez, V. M. Placco, P. Prado, C. Quiroz, F. Ramos, R. Rutten, K. M. G. Silva, J. Thomas-Osip, C. Urrutia, W. D. Vacca, K. Venn, F. Waller, L. Waller, M. White, S. Xu, R. Zhelem

Australian Astronomical Optics

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Abstract

The Gemini South telescope is now equipped with a new high-resolution spectrograph called the Gemini High-resolution Optical SpecTrograph (GHOST). This instrument provides high-efficiency, high-resolution spectra covering 347–1060 nm in a single exposure of either one or two targets simultaneously, along with precision radial velocity spectroscopy utilizing an internal calibration source. It can operate at a spectral element resolving power of either 76,000 or 56,000, and can reach a signal-to-noise ratio of ∼5 in a 1 hr exposure on a V ∼ 20.8 mag target in median site seeing and dark skies (per resolution element). GHOST was installed on-site in 2022 June, and we report performance after full integration to queue operations in 2023 November, in addition to scientific results enabled by the integration observing runs. These results demonstrate the ability to observe a wide variety of bright and faint targets with high efficiency and precision. With GHOST, new avenues to explore high-resolution spectroscopy have opened up to the astronomical community. These are described, along with the planned and potential upgrades to the instrument.

Original language	English
Article number	208
Pages (from-to)	1-19
Number of pages	19
Journal	Astronomical Journal
Volume	168
Issue number	5
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ad72ed
Publication status	Published - 1 Nov 2024

Bibliographical note

© 2024. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society. Version archived for private and non-commercial use with the permission of the author/s and according to publisher conditions. For further rights please contact the publisher.

Keywords

Astronomical instrumentation (799)
Optical observatories (1170)
Unified Astronomy Thesaurus concepts: High resolution spectroscopy (2096)

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10.3847/1538-3881/ad72edLicence: CC BY

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Kalari, V. M., Diaz, R. J., Robertson, G., McConnachie, A., Ireland, M., Salinas, R., Young, P., Simpson, C., Hayes, C., Nielsen, J., Burley, G., Pazder, J., Gomez-Jimenez, M., Martioli, E., Howell, S. B., Jeong, M., Juneau, S., Ruiz-Carmona, R., Margheim, S., ... Zhelem, R. (2024). Gemini High-resolution Optical Spectrograph (GHOST) at Gemini South: instrument performance and integration, first science, and next steps. Astronomical Journal, 168(5), 1-19. Article 208. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ad72ed

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title = "Gemini High-resolution Optical Spectrograph (GHOST) at Gemini South: instrument performance and integration, first science, and next steps",

abstract = "The Gemini South telescope is now equipped with a new high-resolution spectrograph called the Gemini High-resolution Optical SpecTrograph (GHOST). This instrument provides high-efficiency, high-resolution spectra covering 347–1060 nm in a single exposure of either one or two targets simultaneously, along with precision radial velocity spectroscopy utilizing an internal calibration source. It can operate at a spectral element resolving power of either 76,000 or 56,000, and can reach a signal-to-noise ratio of ∼5 in a 1 hr exposure on a V ∼ 20.8 mag target in median site seeing and dark skies (per resolution element). GHOST was installed on-site in 2022 June, and we report performance after full integration to queue operations in 2023 November, in addition to scientific results enabled by the integration observing runs. These results demonstrate the ability to observe a wide variety of bright and faint targets with high efficiency and precision. With GHOST, new avenues to explore high-resolution spectroscopy have opened up to the astronomical community. These are described, along with the planned and potential upgrades to the instrument.",

keywords = "Astronomical instrumentation (799), Optical observatories (1170), Unified Astronomy Thesaurus concepts: High resolution spectroscopy (2096)",

author = "Kalari, \{V. M.\} and Diaz, \{R. J.\} and G. Robertson and A. McConnachie and M. Ireland and R. Salinas and P. Young and C. Simpson and C. Hayes and J. Nielsen and G. Burley and J. Pazder and M. Gomez-Jimenez and E. Martioli and Howell, \{S. B.\} and M. Jeong and S. Juneau and R. Ruiz-Carmona and S. Margheim and A. Sheinis and A. Anthony and G. Baker and Berg, \{T. A. M.\} and T. Cao and E. Chapin and T. Chin and K. Chiboucas and V. Churilov and E. Deibert and A. Densmore and J. Dunn and Edgar, \{M. L.\} and J. Heo and D. Henderson and T. Farrell and J. Font and V. Firpo and J. Fuentes and K. Labrie and S. Lambert and J. Lawrence and J. Lothrop and R. McDermid and Miller, \{B. W.\} and G. Perez and Placco, \{V. M.\} and P. Prado and C. Quiroz and F. Ramos and R. Rutten and Silva, \{K. M. G.\} and J. Thomas-Osip and C. Urrutia and Vacca, \{W. D.\} and K. Venn and F. Waller and L. Waller and M. White and S. Xu and R. Zhelem",

note = "{\textcopyright} 2024. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society. Version archived for private and non-commercial use with the permission of the author/s and according to publisher conditions. For further rights please contact the publisher.",

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doi = "10.3847/1538-3881/ad72ed",

language = "English",

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Kalari, VM, Diaz, RJ, Robertson, G, McConnachie, A, Ireland, M, Salinas, R, Young, P, Simpson, C, Hayes, C, Nielsen, J, Burley, G, Pazder, J, Gomez-Jimenez, M, Martioli, E, Howell, SB, Jeong, M, Juneau, S, Ruiz-Carmona, R, Margheim, S, Sheinis, A, Anthony, A, Baker, G, Berg, TAM, Cao, T, Chapin, E, Chin, T, Chiboucas, K, Churilov, V, Deibert, E, Densmore, A, Dunn, J, Edgar, ML, Heo, J, Henderson, D, Farrell, T, Font, J, Firpo, V, Fuentes, J, Labrie, K, Lambert, S, Lawrence, J, Lothrop, J, McDermid, R, Miller, BW, Perez, G, Placco, VM, Prado, P, Quiroz, C, Ramos, F, Rutten, R, Silva, KMG, Thomas-Osip, J, Urrutia, C, Vacca, WD, Venn, K, Waller, F, Waller, L, White, M, Xu, S & Zhelem, R 2024, 'Gemini High-resolution Optical Spectrograph (GHOST) at Gemini South: instrument performance and integration, first science, and next steps', Astronomical Journal, vol. 168, no. 5, 208, pp. 1-19. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ad72ed

TY - JOUR

T1 - Gemini High-resolution Optical Spectrograph (GHOST) at Gemini South

T2 - instrument performance and integration, first science, and next steps

AU - Kalari, V. M.

AU - Diaz, R. J.

AU - Robertson, G.

AU - McConnachie, A.

AU - Ireland, M.

AU - Salinas, R.

AU - Young, P.

AU - Simpson, C.

AU - Hayes, C.

AU - Nielsen, J.

AU - Burley, G.

AU - Pazder, J.

AU - Gomez-Jimenez, M.

AU - Martioli, E.

AU - Howell, S. B.

AU - Jeong, M.

AU - Juneau, S.

AU - Ruiz-Carmona, R.

AU - Margheim, S.

AU - Sheinis, A.

AU - Anthony, A.

AU - Baker, G.

AU - Berg, T. A. M.

AU - Cao, T.

AU - Chapin, E.

AU - Chin, T.

AU - Chiboucas, K.

AU - Churilov, V.

AU - Deibert, E.

AU - Densmore, A.

AU - Dunn, J.

AU - Edgar, M. L.

AU - Heo, J.

AU - Henderson, D.

AU - Farrell, T.

AU - Font, J.

AU - Firpo, V.

AU - Fuentes, J.

AU - Labrie, K.

AU - Lambert, S.

AU - Lawrence, J.

AU - Lothrop, J.

AU - McDermid, R.

AU - Miller, B. W.

AU - Perez, G.

AU - Placco, V. M.

AU - Prado, P.

AU - Quiroz, C.

AU - Ramos, F.

AU - Rutten, R.

AU - Silva, K. M. G.

AU - Thomas-Osip, J.

AU - Urrutia, C.

AU - Vacca, W. D.

AU - Venn, K.

AU - Waller, F.

AU - Waller, L.

AU - White, M.

AU - Xu, S.

AU - Zhelem, R.

N1 - © 2024. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society. Version archived for private and non-commercial use with the permission of the author/s and according to publisher conditions. For further rights please contact the publisher.

PY - 2024/11/1

Y1 - 2024/11/1

N2 - The Gemini South telescope is now equipped with a new high-resolution spectrograph called the Gemini High-resolution Optical SpecTrograph (GHOST). This instrument provides high-efficiency, high-resolution spectra covering 347–1060 nm in a single exposure of either one or two targets simultaneously, along with precision radial velocity spectroscopy utilizing an internal calibration source. It can operate at a spectral element resolving power of either 76,000 or 56,000, and can reach a signal-to-noise ratio of ∼5 in a 1 hr exposure on a V ∼ 20.8 mag target in median site seeing and dark skies (per resolution element). GHOST was installed on-site in 2022 June, and we report performance after full integration to queue operations in 2023 November, in addition to scientific results enabled by the integration observing runs. These results demonstrate the ability to observe a wide variety of bright and faint targets with high efficiency and precision. With GHOST, new avenues to explore high-resolution spectroscopy have opened up to the astronomical community. These are described, along with the planned and potential upgrades to the instrument.

AB - The Gemini South telescope is now equipped with a new high-resolution spectrograph called the Gemini High-resolution Optical SpecTrograph (GHOST). This instrument provides high-efficiency, high-resolution spectra covering 347–1060 nm in a single exposure of either one or two targets simultaneously, along with precision radial velocity spectroscopy utilizing an internal calibration source. It can operate at a spectral element resolving power of either 76,000 or 56,000, and can reach a signal-to-noise ratio of ∼5 in a 1 hr exposure on a V ∼ 20.8 mag target in median site seeing and dark skies (per resolution element). GHOST was installed on-site in 2022 June, and we report performance after full integration to queue operations in 2023 November, in addition to scientific results enabled by the integration observing runs. These results demonstrate the ability to observe a wide variety of bright and faint targets with high efficiency and precision. With GHOST, new avenues to explore high-resolution spectroscopy have opened up to the astronomical community. These are described, along with the planned and potential upgrades to the instrument.

KW - Astronomical instrumentation (799)

KW - Optical observatories (1170)

KW - Unified Astronomy Thesaurus concepts: High resolution spectroscopy (2096)

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85204896147

U2 - 10.3847/1538-3881/ad72ed

DO - 10.3847/1538-3881/ad72ed

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85204896147

SN - 0004-6256

VL - 168

SP - 1

EP - 19

JO - Astronomical Journal

JF - Astronomical Journal

IS - 5

M1 - 208

ER -

Gemini High-resolution Optical Spectrograph (GHOST) at Gemini South: instrument performance and integration, first science, and next steps

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