Geologic evidence for a mantle superplume event at 1.9 Ga

Earth & Environmental Sciences

• stromatolite 100%
• sea level 62%
• mantle 58%
• carbonate 53%
• banded iron formation 51%
• supercontinent 46%
• passive margin 45%
• black shale 45%
• isotopic ratio 43%
• climate 42%
• evaporite 42%
• marine sediment 38%
• carbon isotope 37%
• Proterozoic 37%
• volcanism 36%
• continent 32%
• plume 32%
• shale 31%
• organic carbon 30%
• phosphate 30%
• seawater 28%
• sulfate 28%
• oxidation 25%
• atmosphere 23%
• ocean 22%
• carbon 22%
• index 20%
• chemical 19%
• sediment 19%
• distribution 14%
• rate 13%

Physics & Astronomy

• Earth mantle 93%
• shales 75%
• sea level 70%
• climate 66%
• sediments 64%
• carbonates 59%
• occurrences 42%
• continents 41%
• carbon isotopes 41%
• isotope effect 28%
• oceans 28%
• margins 28%
• sulfates 28%
• plumes 27%
• phosphates 26%
• deposits 23%
• platforms 22%
• oxidation 19%
• iron 18%
• atmospheres 18%
• carbon 17%

Chemistry

• Carbonate 62%
• Organic Carbon 43%
• Black 35%
• Sulfate 29%
• Phosphate 26%
• Carbon Atom 18%
• Oxidation Reaction 17%