Impact analysis of gold-silver refining processes through life-cycle assessment

Engineering & Materials Science

• Silver refining 100%
• Gold refining 97%
• Silver 48%
• Gold 48%
• Toxicity 13%
• Zinc 11%
• Fossil fuels 10%
• Lead 10%
• Metal refining 9%
• Eutrophication 9%
• Copper 9%
• Mineral resources 8%
• Ionizing radiation 7%
• Precious metals 7%
• Land use 6%
• Fuel oils 6%
• Climate change 6%
• Nuclear energy 5%
• Refining 5%
• Environmental impact 5%
• Fuel consumption 5%
• Biomass 5%
• Coal 4%
• Health 4%
• Metals 3%
• Gases 3%
• Water 3%

Earth & Environmental Sciences

• refining 43%
• silver 41%
• gold 36%
• life cycle 36%
• energy demand 15%
• analysis 11%
• ecotoxicity 8%
• cancer 6%
• zinc 6%
• toxicity 5%
• fossil fuel consumption 5%
• copper 5%
• biomass energy 4%
• resource depletion 4%
• method 4%
• nuclear energy 4%
• ionizing radiation 4%
• fuel oil 4%
• precious metal 4%
• mineral resource 3%
• water use 3%
• fossil fuel 3%
• eutrophication 3%
• human health 3%
• environmental impact 2%
• land use 2%
• coal 2%
• software 2%
• metal 2%
• climate change 2%
• gas 1%
• energy 1%
• effect 1%

Business & Economics

• Life Cycle Assessment 57%
• Impact Analysis 53%
• Production Process 18%
• Energy Demand 16%
• Zinc 8%
• Toxicity 8%
• Cancer 8%
• Fossil Fuels 8%
• Life Cycle 7%
• Copper 7%
• Eutrophication 6%
• Metals 6%
• Embodied Energy 5%
• Nuclear Energy 4%
• Papua New Guinea 4%
• Water Use 4%
• Resource Depletion 4%
• Fuel Consumption 4%
• Mineral Resources 4%
• Geographic Regions 4%
• Human Health 4%
• Biomass 4%
• Climate Change 3%
• Radiation 3%
• Land Use 3%
• Sweden 3%
• Environmental Impact 3%
• Gas 3%
• Oil 2%
• Software 2%