Infant-phase reddening by surface Fe-peak elements in a normal type Ia supernova

Yuan Qi Ni; Dae-Sik Moon; Maria R. Drout; Abigail Polin; David J. Sand; Santiago González-Gaitán; Sang Chul Kim; Youngdae Lee; Hong Soo Park; D. Andrew Howell; Peter E. Nugent; Anthony L. Piro; Peter J. Brown; Lluís Galbany; Jamison Burke; Daichi Hiramatsu; Griffin Hosseinzadeh; Stefano Valenti; Niloufar Afsariardchi; Jennifer E. Andrews; John Antoniadis; Iair Arcavi; Rachael L. Beaton; K. Azalee Bostroem; Raymond G. Carlberg; S. Bradley Cenko; Sang-Mok Cha; Yize Dong; Avishay Gal-Yam; Joshua Haislip; Thomas W.-S. Holoien; Sean D. Johnson; Vladimir Kouprianov; Yongseok Lee; Christopher D. Matzner; Nidia Morrell; Curtis McCully; Giuliano Pignata; Daniel E. Reichart; Jeffrey Rich; Stuart D. Ryder; Nathan Smith; Samuel Wyatt; Sheng Yang

doi:10.1038/s41550-022-01603-4

Infant-phase reddening by surface Fe-peak elements in a normal type Ia supernova

Yuan Qi Ni, Dae-Sik Moon^*, Maria R. Drout, Abigail Polin, David J. Sand, Santiago González-Gaitán, Sang Chul Kim, Youngdae Lee, Hong Soo Park, D. Andrew Howell, Peter E. Nugent, Anthony L. Piro, Peter J. Brown, Lluís Galbany, Jamison Burke, Daichi Hiramatsu, Griffin Hosseinzadeh, Stefano Valenti, Niloufar Afsariardchi, Jennifer E. AndrewsJohn Antoniadis, Iair Arcavi, Rachael L. Beaton, K. Azalee Bostroem, Raymond G. Carlberg, S. Bradley Cenko, Sang-Mok Cha, Yize Dong, Avishay Gal-Yam, Joshua Haislip, Thomas W.-S. Holoien, Sean D. Johnson, Vladimir Kouprianov, Yongseok Lee, Christopher D. Matzner, Nidia Morrell, Curtis McCully, Giuliano Pignata, Daniel E. Reichart, Jeffrey Rich, Stuart D. Ryder, Nathan Smith, Samuel Wyatt, Sheng Yang

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

21 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Type Ia supernovae are thermonuclear explosions of white dwarf stars. They play a central role in the chemical evolution of the Universe and are an important measure of cosmological distances. However, outstanding questions remain about their origins. Despite extensive efforts to obtain natal information from their earliest signals, observations have thus far failed to identify how the majority of them explode. Here, we present infant-phase detections of SN 2018aoz from a very low brightness of −10.5 AB absolute magnitude, revealing a hitherto unseen plateau in the B band that results in a rapid redward colour evolution between 1.0 and 12.4 hours after the estimated epoch of first light. The missing B-band flux is best explained by line-blanket absorption from Fe-peak elements in the outer 1% of the ejected mass. The observed B − V colour evolution of the supernova also matches the prediction from an over-density of Fe-peak elements in the same outer 1% of the ejected mass, whereas bluer colours are expected from a purely monotonic distribution of Fe-peak elements. The presence of excess nucleosynthetic material in the extreme outer layers of the ejecta points to enhanced surface nuclear burning or extended subsonic mixing processes in some normal type Ia SN explosions.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	568-576
Number of pages	9
Journal	Nature Astronomy
Volume	6
Issue number	5
Early online date	17 Feb 2022
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-022-01603-4
Publication status	Published - May 2022

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Ni, Y. Q., Moon, D.-S., Drout, M. R., Polin, A., Sand, D. J., González-Gaitán, S., Kim, S. C., Lee, Y., Park, H. S., Howell, D. A., Nugent, P. E., Piro, A. L., Brown, P. J., Galbany, L., Burke, J., Hiramatsu, D., Hosseinzadeh, G., Valenti, S., Afsariardchi, N., ... Yang, S. (2022). Infant-phase reddening by surface Fe-peak elements in a normal type Ia supernova. Nature Astronomy, 6(5), 568-576. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-022-01603-4

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title = "Infant-phase reddening by surface Fe-peak elements in a normal type Ia supernova",

abstract = "Type Ia supernovae are thermonuclear explosions of white dwarf stars. They play a central role in the chemical evolution of the Universe and are an important measure of cosmological distances. However, outstanding questions remain about their origins. Despite extensive efforts to obtain natal information from their earliest signals, observations have thus far failed to identify how the majority of them explode. Here, we present infant-phase detections of SN 2018aoz from a very low brightness of −10.5 AB absolute magnitude, revealing a hitherto unseen plateau in the B band that results in a rapid redward colour evolution between 1.0 and 12.4 hours after the estimated epoch of first light. The missing B-band flux is best explained by line-blanket absorption from Fe-peak elements in the outer 1% of the ejected mass. The observed B − V colour evolution of the supernova also matches the prediction from an over-density of Fe-peak elements in the same outer 1% of the ejected mass, whereas bluer colours are expected from a purely monotonic distribution of Fe-peak elements. The presence of excess nucleosynthetic material in the extreme outer layers of the ejecta points to enhanced surface nuclear burning or extended subsonic mixing processes in some normal type Ia SN explosions.",

author = "Ni, {Yuan Qi} and Dae-Sik Moon and Drout, {Maria R.} and Abigail Polin and Sand, {David J.} and Santiago Gonz{\'a}lez-Gait{\'a}n and Kim, {Sang Chul} and Youngdae Lee and Park, {Hong Soo} and Howell, {D. Andrew} and Nugent, {Peter E.} and Piro, {Anthony L.} and Brown, {Peter J.} and Llu{\'i}s Galbany and Jamison Burke and Daichi Hiramatsu and Griffin Hosseinzadeh and Stefano Valenti and Niloufar Afsariardchi and Andrews, {Jennifer E.} and John Antoniadis and Iair Arcavi and Beaton, {Rachael L.} and Bostroem, {K. Azalee} and Carlberg, {Raymond G.} and Cenko, {S. Bradley} and Sang-Mok Cha and Yize Dong and Avishay Gal-Yam and Joshua Haislip and Holoien, {Thomas W.-S.} and Johnson, {Sean D.} and Vladimir Kouprianov and Yongseok Lee and Matzner, {Christopher D.} and Nidia Morrell and Curtis McCully and Giuliano Pignata and Reichart, {Daniel E.} and Jeffrey Rich and Ryder, {Stuart D.} and Nathan Smith and Samuel Wyatt and Sheng Yang",

year = "2022",

month = may,

doi = "10.1038/s41550-022-01603-4",

language = "English",

volume = "6",

pages = "568--576",

journal = "Nature Astronomy",

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Ni, YQ, Moon, D-S, Drout, MR, Polin, A, Sand, DJ, González-Gaitán, S, Kim, SC, Lee, Y, Park, HS, Howell, DA, Nugent, PE, Piro, AL, Brown, PJ, Galbany, L, Burke, J, Hiramatsu, D, Hosseinzadeh, G, Valenti, S, Afsariardchi, N, Andrews, JE, Antoniadis, J, Arcavi, I, Beaton, RL, Bostroem, KA, Carlberg, RG, Cenko, SB, Cha, S-M, Dong, Y, Gal-Yam, A, Haislip, J, Holoien, TW-S, Johnson, SD, Kouprianov, V, Lee, Y, Matzner, CD, Morrell, N, McCully, C, Pignata, G, Reichart, DE, Rich, J, Ryder, SD, Smith, N, Wyatt, S & Yang, S 2022, 'Infant-phase reddening by surface Fe-peak elements in a normal type Ia supernova', Nature Astronomy, vol. 6, no. 5, pp. 568-576. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-022-01603-4

TY - JOUR

T1 - Infant-phase reddening by surface Fe-peak elements in a normal type Ia supernova

AU - Ni, Yuan Qi

AU - Moon, Dae-Sik

AU - Drout, Maria R.

AU - Polin, Abigail

AU - Sand, David J.

AU - González-Gaitán, Santiago

AU - Kim, Sang Chul

AU - Lee, Youngdae

AU - Park, Hong Soo

AU - Howell, D. Andrew

AU - Nugent, Peter E.

AU - Piro, Anthony L.

AU - Brown, Peter J.

AU - Galbany, Lluís

AU - Burke, Jamison

AU - Hiramatsu, Daichi

AU - Hosseinzadeh, Griffin

AU - Valenti, Stefano

AU - Afsariardchi, Niloufar

AU - Andrews, Jennifer E.

AU - Antoniadis, John

AU - Arcavi, Iair

AU - Beaton, Rachael L.

AU - Bostroem, K. Azalee

AU - Carlberg, Raymond G.

AU - Cenko, S. Bradley

AU - Cha, Sang-Mok

AU - Dong, Yize

AU - Gal-Yam, Avishay

AU - Haislip, Joshua

AU - Holoien, Thomas W.-S.

AU - Johnson, Sean D.

AU - Kouprianov, Vladimir

AU - Lee, Yongseok

AU - Matzner, Christopher D.

AU - Morrell, Nidia

AU - McCully, Curtis

AU - Pignata, Giuliano

AU - Reichart, Daniel E.

AU - Rich, Jeffrey

AU - Ryder, Stuart D.

AU - Smith, Nathan

AU - Wyatt, Samuel

AU - Yang, Sheng

PY - 2022/5

Y1 - 2022/5

N2 - Type Ia supernovae are thermonuclear explosions of white dwarf stars. They play a central role in the chemical evolution of the Universe and are an important measure of cosmological distances. However, outstanding questions remain about their origins. Despite extensive efforts to obtain natal information from their earliest signals, observations have thus far failed to identify how the majority of them explode. Here, we present infant-phase detections of SN 2018aoz from a very low brightness of −10.5 AB absolute magnitude, revealing a hitherto unseen plateau in the B band that results in a rapid redward colour evolution between 1.0 and 12.4 hours after the estimated epoch of first light. The missing B-band flux is best explained by line-blanket absorption from Fe-peak elements in the outer 1% of the ejected mass. The observed B − V colour evolution of the supernova also matches the prediction from an over-density of Fe-peak elements in the same outer 1% of the ejected mass, whereas bluer colours are expected from a purely monotonic distribution of Fe-peak elements. The presence of excess nucleosynthetic material in the extreme outer layers of the ejecta points to enhanced surface nuclear burning or extended subsonic mixing processes in some normal type Ia SN explosions.

AB - Type Ia supernovae are thermonuclear explosions of white dwarf stars. They play a central role in the chemical evolution of the Universe and are an important measure of cosmological distances. However, outstanding questions remain about their origins. Despite extensive efforts to obtain natal information from their earliest signals, observations have thus far failed to identify how the majority of them explode. Here, we present infant-phase detections of SN 2018aoz from a very low brightness of −10.5 AB absolute magnitude, revealing a hitherto unseen plateau in the B band that results in a rapid redward colour evolution between 1.0 and 12.4 hours after the estimated epoch of first light. The missing B-band flux is best explained by line-blanket absorption from Fe-peak elements in the outer 1% of the ejected mass. The observed B − V colour evolution of the supernova also matches the prediction from an over-density of Fe-peak elements in the same outer 1% of the ejected mass, whereas bluer colours are expected from a purely monotonic distribution of Fe-peak elements. The presence of excess nucleosynthetic material in the extreme outer layers of the ejecta points to enhanced surface nuclear burning or extended subsonic mixing processes in some normal type Ia SN explosions.

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U2 - 10.1038/s41550-022-01603-4

DO - 10.1038/s41550-022-01603-4

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85124749249

SN - 2397-3366

VL - 6

SP - 568

EP - 576

JO - Nature Astronomy

JF - Nature Astronomy

IS - 5

ER -

Infant-phase reddening by surface Fe-peak elements in a normal type Ia supernova

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