Insights From Acquisition and Learning: How Phonological Representations Develop During First-Language Acquisition Speech Processing In Bilingual and Multilingual Listeners Second-Language Speech Learning

This article discusses the role of language development in early acquisition, multilingualism, and second-language acquisition and presents its implications on the core phonological concepts. Some of the variable production and comprehension of both phonological units and grammatical morphemes may be influenced by the prosodic context and/or utterance position in which they occur. Children have long been known to exhibit within-speaker variability in the production of English inflectional morphemes. Many researchers suggest that this is due to incomplete semantic or syntactic representations. The new technological developments such as more accessible audio/video recording equipment and speech analysis software are introduced to address the limitations of previous longitudinal corpora such that the CHILDES database allows for both Unicode IPA transcription and the linking of audio/video files to the transcription record. Ultrasound methods are used to explore the nature of children's early phonological representations. Speech perception studies have showed that simultaneous bilinguals' speech processing cannot be distinguished from that of monolinguals in their two languages, at least when they are very young (10-12 months of age) or as adults. It demonstrates that they may have separate systems for handling the processing of their two languages.