Integrated GSM-UWB Fibonacci-type antennas with single, dual, and triple notched bands

This study presents four integrated Fibonacci-type Global System for Mobile (GSM) ultra-wideband (UWB) antennas with single, dual, and triple band-notched characteristics. These antennas have been designed to control potential interference in Wi-Max and WLAN bands. The antenna operates in the 900 MHz GSM band and also in the 3.2-11.9 GHz extended UWB band. The 900 MHz operating band can be further tuned to get the antenna to operate in a specific GSM band. Triple notches have been created at frequencies within several bands, such as 3.4 GHz Wi-Max (3.06-3.54 GHz), 4.23 GHz WLAN (3.59-4.86 GHz), and 6.35 GHz (5.93-7.15 GHz) with voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) levels of 7.9, 11.3, and 7, respectively. These notch bands are also tuneable to some extent. The measured gain varies from -1.92 to 10.2 dBi. Measured radiation patterns of the antenna are also presented to validate its performance. The integrated antenna has a radiation efficiency in the range of 78- 98% in the UWB and 98% in the GSM band. The fidelity factor in time domain varies between 0.76 and 0.84, depending on the orientation of the antenna. This research confirms that the Fibonacci monopole can be used as a multiband antenna in GSM and UWB bands.