Invasion expansion: time since introduction best predicts global ranges of marine invaders

James E. Byers; Rachel S. Smith; James M. Pringle; Graeme F. Clark; Paul E. Gribben; Chad L. Hewitt; Graeme J. Inglis; Emma L. Johnston; Gregory M. Ruiz; John J. Stachowicz; Melanie J. Bishop

doi:10.1038/srep12436

Invasion expansion: time since introduction best predicts global ranges of marine invaders

James E. Byers^*, Rachel S. Smith, James M. Pringle, Graeme F. Clark, Paul E. Gribben, Chad L. Hewitt, Graeme J. Inglis, Emma L. Johnston, Gregory M. Ruiz, John J. Stachowicz, Melanie J. Bishop

^*Corresponding author for this work

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Abstract

Strategies for managing biological invasions are often based on the premise that characteristics of invading species and the invaded environment are key predictors of the invader's distribution. Yet, for either biological traits or environmental characteristics to explain distribution, adequate time must have elapsed for species to spread to all potential habitats. We compiled and analyzed a database of natural history and ecological traits of 138 coastal marine invertebrate species, the environmental conditions at sites to which they have been introduced, and their date of first introduction. We found that time since introduction explained the largest fraction (20%) of the variability in non-native range size, while traits of the species and environmental variables had significant, but minimal, influence on non-native range size. The positive relationship between time since introduction and range size indicates that non-native marine invertebrate species are not at equilibrium and are still spreading, posing a major challenge for management of coastal ecosystems.

Original language	English
Article number	12436
Pages (from-to)	1-9
Number of pages	9
Journal	Scientific Reports
Volume	5
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/srep12436
Publication status	Published - 31 Jul 2015

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title = "Invasion expansion: time since introduction best predicts global ranges of marine invaders",

abstract = "Strategies for managing biological invasions are often based on the premise that characteristics of invading species and the invaded environment are key predictors of the invader's distribution. Yet, for either biological traits or environmental characteristics to explain distribution, adequate time must have elapsed for species to spread to all potential habitats. We compiled and analyzed a database of natural history and ecological traits of 138 coastal marine invertebrate species, the environmental conditions at sites to which they have been introduced, and their date of first introduction. We found that time since introduction explained the largest fraction (20%) of the variability in non-native range size, while traits of the species and environmental variables had significant, but minimal, influence on non-native range size. The positive relationship between time since introduction and range size indicates that non-native marine invertebrate species are not at equilibrium and are still spreading, posing a major challenge for management of coastal ecosystems.",

author = "Byers, {James E.} and Smith, {Rachel S.} and Pringle, {James M.} and Clark, {Graeme F.} and Gribben, {Paul E.} and Hewitt, {Chad L.} and Inglis, {Graeme J.} and Johnston, {Emma L.} and Ruiz, {Gregory M.} and Stachowicz, {John J.} and Bishop, {Melanie J.}",

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AU - Pringle, James M.

AU - Clark, Graeme F.

AU - Gribben, Paul E.

AU - Hewitt, Chad L.

AU - Inglis, Graeme J.

AU - Johnston, Emma L.

AU - Ruiz, Gregory M.

AU - Stachowicz, John J.

AU - Bishop, Melanie J.

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Invasion expansion: time since introduction best predicts global ranges of marine invaders

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