TY - JOUR
T1 - Kelvin wake pattern at small Froude numbers
AU - Pethiyagoda, Ravindra
AU - Moroney, Timothy
AU - Lustri, Christopher
AU - McCue, Scott W.
PY - 2021/5/25
Y1 - 2021/5/25
N2 - The surface gravity wave pattern that forms behind a steadily moving disturbance is well known to comprise divergent waves and transverse waves, contained within a distinctive-shaped wake. In this paper, we are concerned with a theoretical study of the limit of a slow-moving disturbance (small Froude numbers) in the absence of surface tension, for which the wake is dominated by transverse waves. Three configurations are considered: flow past a submerged source singularity, a submerged doublet and a pressure distribution applied to the surface. We treat the linearised version of these problems and use the method of stationary phase and exponential asymptotics to demonstrate that the apparent wake angle is less than the classical Kelvin angle and to quantify the decrease in apparent wake angle as the Froude number decreases. These results complement a number of recent studies for sufficiently fast-moving disturbances (large Froude numbers) where the apparent wake angle has been also shown to be less than the classical Kelvin angle. As well as shedding light on the issue of apparent wake angle, we also study the fully nonlinear problems for our three configurations under various limits to demonstrate the unique and interesting features of Kelvin wake patterns at small Froude numbers.
AB - The surface gravity wave pattern that forms behind a steadily moving disturbance is well known to comprise divergent waves and transverse waves, contained within a distinctive-shaped wake. In this paper, we are concerned with a theoretical study of the limit of a slow-moving disturbance (small Froude numbers) in the absence of surface tension, for which the wake is dominated by transverse waves. Three configurations are considered: flow past a submerged source singularity, a submerged doublet and a pressure distribution applied to the surface. We treat the linearised version of these problems and use the method of stationary phase and exponential asymptotics to demonstrate that the apparent wake angle is less than the classical Kelvin angle and to quantify the decrease in apparent wake angle as the Froude number decreases. These results complement a number of recent studies for sufficiently fast-moving disturbances (large Froude numbers) where the apparent wake angle has been also shown to be less than the classical Kelvin angle. As well as shedding light on the issue of apparent wake angle, we also study the fully nonlinear problems for our three configurations under various limits to demonstrate the unique and interesting features of Kelvin wake patterns at small Froude numbers.
KW - surface gravity waves
UR - http://purl.org/au-research/grants/arc/DP190191190
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85103781276&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1017/jfm.2021.193
DO - 10.1017/jfm.2021.193
M3 - Article
SN - 0022-1120
VL - 915
SP - 1
EP - 28
JO - Journal of Fluid Mechanics
JF - Journal of Fluid Mechanics
M1 - A126
ER -