Laser ablation and arc/spark solid sample introduction into inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometers

Sample introduction using laser ablation and arc and spark ablation is reviewed. Few references were found in the literature on the use of spark or arc ablation as a sample introduction technique into the ICP-MS and emphasis is therefore placed on the use of laser ablation sampling, particularly for Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) detection; however, many of the principles can also be applied to optical emission detection. The applications of the techniques are described, with particular emphasis on micro-sampling of geological materials.