Low molecular weight sulfated chitosan: neuroprotective effect on rotenone-induced in vitro Parkinson’s disease

Venkatesan Manigandan, Jagatheesan Nataraj, Ramachandran Karthik, Thamilarasan Manivasagam, Ramachandran Saravanan*, Arokyasamy Justin Thenmozhi, Musthafa Mohamed Essa, Gilles J. Guillemin

*Corresponding author for this work

    Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

    26 Citations (Scopus)

    Abstract

    The present investigation was an attempt to study the effect of low molecular weight sulfated chitosan (LMWSC) on in vitro rotenone model of Parkinson’s disease (PD) by evaluating cell viability, oxidative stress, mitochondrial membrane potential, DNA fragmentation, and apoptosis. Incubation of SH-SY5Y cells with 100 nm rotenone resulted in neuronal cell death, redox imbalanced mitochondrial dysfunction, DNA fragmentation, condensation, and apoptotic cellular morphology. Rotenone exposure enhanced the expression of preapoptotic (cytochrome C (cyto c), caspase-3, -8, -9, and Bax) and down-regulated the expression of anti-apoptotic (Bcl-2) markers. Reduction of the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels ensued due to pretreatment of LMWSC along with consequent normalization of antioxidant enzymes, mitigation of rotenone induced mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis. Our current findings suggested that LMWSC exhibit the pronounced neuroprotective effects, which could be due to its antioxidant, mitochondrial protection, and anti-apoptotic properties. We thus conclude that LMWSC could be developed as a novel therapeutic molecule for the benefit of reducing the consequences of PD. However, further extensive preclinical and clinical studies are warranted.

    Original languageEnglish
    Pages (from-to)505-515
    Number of pages11
    JournalNeurotoxicity Research
    Volume35
    Issue number3
    DOIs
    Publication statusPublished - Apr 2019

    Keywords

    • Apoptosis
    • Mitochondrial dysfunction
    • Neuronal damage
    • Oxidative stress
    • Rotenone
    • Sulfated chitosan

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