TY - JOUR
T1 - Mammalian cell defence mechanisms against the cytotoxicity of NaYF4
T2 - (Er,Yb,Gd) nanoparticles
AU - Sikora, B.
AU - Kowalik, P.
AU - Mikulski, J.
AU - Fronc, K.
AU - Kamińska, I.
AU - Szewczyk, M.
AU - Konopka, A.
AU - Zajdel, K.
AU - Minikayev, R.
AU - Sobczak, K.
AU - Zaleszczyk, W.
AU - Borodziuk, A.
AU - Rybusiński, J.
AU - Szczytko, J.
AU - Sienkiewicz, A.
AU - Wojciechowski, T.
AU - Stȩpień, P.
AU - Frontczak-Baniewicz, M.
AU - Łapiński, M.
AU - Wilczyński, G.
AU - Paszkowicz, W.
AU - Twardowski, A.
AU - Elbaum, D.
PY - 2017/10/7
Y1 - 2017/10/7
N2 - Water-soluble upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs), based on polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-coated NaYF4:Er3+,Yb3+,Gd3+, with various concentrations of Gd3+ ions and relatively high upconversion efficiencies, were synthesized. The internalization and cytotoxicity of the thus obtained UCNPs were evaluated in three cell lines (HeLa, HEK293 and astrocytes). No cytotoxicity was observed even at concentrations of UCNPs up to 50 μg ml-1. The fate of the UCNPs within the cells was studied by examining their upconversion emission spectra with confocal microscopy and confirming these observations with transmission electron microscopy. It was found that the cellular uptake of the UCNPs occurred primarily by clathrin-mediated endocytosis, whereas they were secreted from the cells via lysosomal exocytosis. The results of this study, focused on the mechanisms of the cellular uptake, localization and secretion of UCNPs, demonstrate, for the first time, the co-localization of UCNPs within discrete cell organelles.
AB - Water-soluble upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs), based on polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-coated NaYF4:Er3+,Yb3+,Gd3+, with various concentrations of Gd3+ ions and relatively high upconversion efficiencies, were synthesized. The internalization and cytotoxicity of the thus obtained UCNPs were evaluated in three cell lines (HeLa, HEK293 and astrocytes). No cytotoxicity was observed even at concentrations of UCNPs up to 50 μg ml-1. The fate of the UCNPs within the cells was studied by examining their upconversion emission spectra with confocal microscopy and confirming these observations with transmission electron microscopy. It was found that the cellular uptake of the UCNPs occurred primarily by clathrin-mediated endocytosis, whereas they were secreted from the cells via lysosomal exocytosis. The results of this study, focused on the mechanisms of the cellular uptake, localization and secretion of UCNPs, demonstrate, for the first time, the co-localization of UCNPs within discrete cell organelles.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85030250817&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1039/c7nr03705h
DO - 10.1039/c7nr03705h
M3 - Article
C2 - 28914943
AN - SCOPUS:85030250817
SN - 2040-3364
VL - 9
SP - 14259
EP - 14271
JO - Nanoscale
JF - Nanoscale
IS - 37
ER -