MHONGOOSE: A MeerKAT nearby galaxy H i survey

W. J.G. de Blok; J. Healy; F. M. Maccagni; D. J. Pisano; A. Bosma; J. English; T. Jarrett; A. Marasco; G. R. Meurer; S. Veronese; F. Bigiel; L. Chemin; F. Fraternali; B. W. Holwerda; P. Kamphuis; H. R. Klöckner; D. Kleiner; A. K. Leroy; M. Mogotsi; K. A. Oman; E. Schinnerer; L. Verdes-Montenegro; T. Westmeier; O. I. Wong; N. Zabel; P. Amram; C. Carignan; F. Combes; E. Brinks; R. J. Dettmar; B. K. Gibson; G. I. G. Jozsa; B. S. Koribalski; S. S. McGaugh; T. A. Oosterloo; K. Spekkens; A. C. Schröder; E. A. K. Adams; E. Athanassoula; M. A. Bershady; R. J. Beswick; S. Blyth; E. C. Elson; B. S. Frank; G. Heald; P. A. Henning; S. Kurapati; S. I. Loubser; D. Lucero; M. Meyer; B. Namumba; S.-H. Oh; A. Sardone; K. Sheth; M. W.L. Smith; A. Sorgho; F. Walter; T. Williams; P. A. Woudt; A. Zijlstra

doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202348297

MHONGOOSE: A MeerKAT nearby galaxy H i survey

W. J.G. de Blok^*, J. Healy, F. M. Maccagni, D. J. Pisano, A. Bosma, J. English, T. Jarrett, A. Marasco, G. R. Meurer, S. Veronese, F. Bigiel, L. Chemin, F. Fraternali, B. W. Holwerda, P. Kamphuis, H. R. Klöckner, D. Kleiner, A. K. Leroy, M. Mogotsi, K. A. OmanE. Schinnerer, L. Verdes-Montenegro, T. Westmeier, O. I. Wong, N. Zabel, P. Amram, C. Carignan, F. Combes, E. Brinks, R. J. Dettmar, B. K. Gibson, G. I. G. Jozsa, B. S. Koribalski, S. S. McGaugh, T. A. Oosterloo, K. Spekkens, A. C. Schröder, E. A. K. Adams, E. Athanassoula, M. A. Bershady, R. J. Beswick, S. Blyth, E. C. Elson, B. S. Frank, G. Heald, P. A. Henning, S. Kurapati, S. I. Loubser, D. Lucero, M. Meyer, B. Namumba, S.-H. Oh, A. Sardone, K. Sheth, M. W.L. Smith, A. Sorgho, F. Walter, T. Williams, P. A. Woudt, A. Zijlstra

^*Corresponding author for this work

School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences

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Abstract

The MHONGOOSE (MeerKAT H i Observations of Nearby Galactic Objects: Observing Southern Emitters) survey maps the distribution and kinematics of the neutral atomic hydrogen (H i) gas in and around 30 nearby star-forming spiral and dwarf galaxies to extremely low H i column densities. The H i column density sensitivity (3σ over 16 km s⁻¹) ranges from ∼5 × 10¹⁷ cm⁻² at 90” resolution to ∼4 × 10¹⁹ cm⁻² at the highest resolution of 7”. The H i mass sensitivity (3σ over 50 km s⁻¹) is ∼5.5×10⁵ M_⊙ at a distance of 10 Mpc (the median distance of the sample galaxies). The velocity resolution of the data is 1.4 km s⁻¹. One of the main science goals of the survey is the detection of cold accreting gas in the outskirts of the sample galaxies. The sample was selected to cover a range in H i masses from 10⁷ M_⊙ to almost 10¹¹ M_⊙ in order to optimally sample possible accretion scenarios and environments. The distance to the sample galaxies ranges from 3 to 23 Mpc. In this paper, we present the sample selection, survey design, and observation and reduction procedures. We compared the integrated H i fluxes based on the MeerKAT data with those derived from single-dish measurement and find good agreement, indicating that our MeerKAT observations are recovering all flux. We present H i moment maps of the entire sample based on the first ten percent of the survey data, and find that a comparison of the zeroth- and second-moment values shows a clear separation in the physical properties of the H i between areas with star formation and areas without related to the formation of a cold neutral medium. Finally, we give an overview of the H i-detected companion and satellite galaxies in the 30 fields, five of which have not previously been cataloged. We find a clear relation between the number of companion galaxies and the mass of the main target galaxy.

Original language	English
Article number	A109
Pages (from-to)	1-34
Number of pages	34
Journal	Astronomy and Astrophysics
Volume	688
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202348297
Publication status	Published - Aug 2024

Bibliographical note

Keywords

galaxies: dwarf
galaxies: evolution
galaxies: ISM
galaxies: spiral
radio lines: galaxies

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10.1051/0004-6361/202348297Licence: CC BY

Publisher version (open access)Final published version, 17.6 MBLicence: CC BY

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de Blok, W. J. G., Healy, J., Maccagni, F. M., Pisano, D. J., Bosma, A., English, J., Jarrett, T., Marasco, A., Meurer, G. R., Veronese, S., Bigiel, F., Chemin, L., Fraternali, F., Holwerda, B. W., Kamphuis, P., Klöckner, H. R., Kleiner, D., Leroy, A. K., Mogotsi, M., ... Zijlstra, A. (2024). MHONGOOSE: A MeerKAT nearby galaxy H i survey. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 688, 1-34. Article A109. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202348297

@article{bd56b40f60144d1e8bee1e9be67dc4e9,

title = "MHONGOOSE: A MeerKAT nearby galaxy H i survey",

abstract = "The MHONGOOSE (MeerKAT H i Observations of Nearby Galactic Objects: Observing Southern Emitters) survey maps the distribution and kinematics of the neutral atomic hydrogen (H i) gas in and around 30 nearby star-forming spiral and dwarf galaxies to extremely low H i column densities. The H i column density sensitivity (3σ over 16 km s−1) ranges from ∼5 × 1017 cm−2 at 90” resolution to ∼4 × 1019 cm−2 at the highest resolution of 7”. The H i mass sensitivity (3σ over 50 km s−1) is ∼5.5×105 M⊙ at a distance of 10 Mpc (the median distance of the sample galaxies). The velocity resolution of the data is 1.4 km s−1. One of the main science goals of the survey is the detection of cold accreting gas in the outskirts of the sample galaxies. The sample was selected to cover a range in H i masses from 107 M⊙ to almost 1011 M⊙ in order to optimally sample possible accretion scenarios and environments. The distance to the sample galaxies ranges from 3 to 23 Mpc. In this paper, we present the sample selection, survey design, and observation and reduction procedures. We compared the integrated H i fluxes based on the MeerKAT data with those derived from single-dish measurement and find good agreement, indicating that our MeerKAT observations are recovering all flux. We present H i moment maps of the entire sample based on the first ten percent of the survey data, and find that a comparison of the zeroth- and second-moment values shows a clear separation in the physical properties of the H i between areas with star formation and areas without related to the formation of a cold neutral medium. Finally, we give an overview of the H i-detected companion and satellite galaxies in the 30 fields, five of which have not previously been cataloged. We find a clear relation between the number of companion galaxies and the mass of the main target galaxy.",

keywords = "galaxies: dwarf, galaxies: evolution, galaxies: ISM, galaxies: spiral, radio lines: galaxies",

author = "{de Blok}, {W. J.G.} and J. Healy and Maccagni, {F. M.} and Pisano, {D. J.} and A. Bosma and J. English and T. Jarrett and A. Marasco and Meurer, {G. R.} and S. Veronese and F. Bigiel and L. Chemin and F. Fraternali and Holwerda, {B. W.} and P. Kamphuis and Kl{\"o}ckner, {H. R.} and D. Kleiner and Leroy, {A. K.} and M. Mogotsi and Oman, {K. A.} and E. Schinnerer and L. Verdes-Montenegro and T. Westmeier and Wong, {O. I.} and N. Zabel and P. Amram and C. Carignan and F. Combes and E. Brinks and Dettmar, {R. J.} and Gibson, {B. K.} and Jozsa, {G. I. G.} and Koribalski, {B. S.} and McGaugh, {S. S.} and Oosterloo, {T. A.} and K. Spekkens and Schr{\"o}der, {A. C.} and Adams, {E. A. K.} and E. Athanassoula and Bershady, {M. A.} and Beswick, {R. J.} and S. Blyth and Elson, {E. C.} and Frank, {B. S.} and G. Heald and Henning, {P. A.} and S. Kurapati and Loubser, {S. I.} and D. Lucero and M. Meyer and B. Namumba and S.-H. Oh and A. Sardone and K. Sheth and Smith, {M. W.L.} and A. Sorgho and F. Walter and T. Williams and Woudt, {P. A.} and A. Zijlstra",

note = "{\textcopyright} The Authors 2024. Version archived for private and non-commercial use with the permission of the author/s and according to publisher conditions. For further rights please contact the publisher.",

year = "2024",

month = aug,

doi = "10.1051/0004-6361/202348297",

language = "English",

volume = "688",

pages = "1--34",

journal = "Astronomy and Astrophysics",

issn = "0004-6361",

publisher = "EDP Sciences",

}

de Blok, WJG, Healy, J, Maccagni, FM, Pisano, DJ, Bosma, A, English, J, Jarrett, T, Marasco, A, Meurer, GR, Veronese, S, Bigiel, F, Chemin, L, Fraternali, F, Holwerda, BW, Kamphuis, P, Klöckner, HR, Kleiner, D, Leroy, AK, Mogotsi, M, Oman, KA, Schinnerer, E, Verdes-Montenegro, L, Westmeier, T, Wong, OI, Zabel, N, Amram, P, Carignan, C, Combes, F, Brinks, E, Dettmar, RJ, Gibson, BK, Jozsa, GIG, Koribalski, BS, McGaugh, SS, Oosterloo, TA, Spekkens, K, Schröder, AC, Adams, EAK, Athanassoula, E, Bershady, MA, Beswick, RJ, Blyth, S, Elson, EC, Frank, BS, Heald, G, Henning, PA, Kurapati, S, Loubser, SI, Lucero, D, Meyer, M, Namumba, B, Oh, S-H, Sardone, A, Sheth, K, Smith, MWL, Sorgho, A, Walter, F, Williams, T, Woudt, PA & Zijlstra, A 2024, 'MHONGOOSE: A MeerKAT nearby galaxy H i survey', Astronomy and Astrophysics, vol. 688, A109, pp. 1-34. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202348297

TY - JOUR

T1 - MHONGOOSE

T2 - A MeerKAT nearby galaxy H i survey

AU - de Blok, W. J.G.

AU - Healy, J.

AU - Maccagni, F. M.

AU - Pisano, D. J.

AU - Bosma, A.

AU - English, J.

AU - Jarrett, T.

AU - Marasco, A.

AU - Meurer, G. R.

AU - Veronese, S.

AU - Bigiel, F.

AU - Chemin, L.

AU - Fraternali, F.

AU - Holwerda, B. W.

AU - Kamphuis, P.

AU - Klöckner, H. R.

AU - Kleiner, D.

AU - Leroy, A. K.

AU - Mogotsi, M.

AU - Oman, K. A.

AU - Schinnerer, E.

AU - Verdes-Montenegro, L.

AU - Westmeier, T.

AU - Wong, O. I.

AU - Zabel, N.

AU - Amram, P.

AU - Carignan, C.

AU - Combes, F.

AU - Brinks, E.

AU - Dettmar, R. J.

AU - Gibson, B. K.

AU - Jozsa, G. I. G.

AU - Koribalski, B. S.

AU - McGaugh, S. S.

AU - Oosterloo, T. A.

AU - Spekkens, K.

AU - Schröder, A. C.

AU - Adams, E. A. K.

AU - Athanassoula, E.

AU - Bershady, M. A.

AU - Beswick, R. J.

AU - Blyth, S.

AU - Elson, E. C.

AU - Frank, B. S.

AU - Heald, G.

AU - Henning, P. A.

AU - Kurapati, S.

AU - Loubser, S. I.

AU - Lucero, D.

AU - Meyer, M.

AU - Namumba, B.

AU - Oh, S.-H.

AU - Sardone, A.

AU - Sheth, K.

AU - Smith, M. W.L.

AU - Sorgho, A.

AU - Walter, F.

AU - Williams, T.

AU - Woudt, P. A.

AU - Zijlstra, A.

PY - 2024/8

Y1 - 2024/8

N2 - The MHONGOOSE (MeerKAT H i Observations of Nearby Galactic Objects: Observing Southern Emitters) survey maps the distribution and kinematics of the neutral atomic hydrogen (H i) gas in and around 30 nearby star-forming spiral and dwarf galaxies to extremely low H i column densities. The H i column density sensitivity (3σ over 16 km s−1) ranges from ∼5 × 1017 cm−2 at 90” resolution to ∼4 × 1019 cm−2 at the highest resolution of 7”. The H i mass sensitivity (3σ over 50 km s−1) is ∼5.5×105 M⊙ at a distance of 10 Mpc (the median distance of the sample galaxies). The velocity resolution of the data is 1.4 km s−1. One of the main science goals of the survey is the detection of cold accreting gas in the outskirts of the sample galaxies. The sample was selected to cover a range in H i masses from 107 M⊙ to almost 1011 M⊙ in order to optimally sample possible accretion scenarios and environments. The distance to the sample galaxies ranges from 3 to 23 Mpc. In this paper, we present the sample selection, survey design, and observation and reduction procedures. We compared the integrated H i fluxes based on the MeerKAT data with those derived from single-dish measurement and find good agreement, indicating that our MeerKAT observations are recovering all flux. We present H i moment maps of the entire sample based on the first ten percent of the survey data, and find that a comparison of the zeroth- and second-moment values shows a clear separation in the physical properties of the H i between areas with star formation and areas without related to the formation of a cold neutral medium. Finally, we give an overview of the H i-detected companion and satellite galaxies in the 30 fields, five of which have not previously been cataloged. We find a clear relation between the number of companion galaxies and the mass of the main target galaxy.

AB - The MHONGOOSE (MeerKAT H i Observations of Nearby Galactic Objects: Observing Southern Emitters) survey maps the distribution and kinematics of the neutral atomic hydrogen (H i) gas in and around 30 nearby star-forming spiral and dwarf galaxies to extremely low H i column densities. The H i column density sensitivity (3σ over 16 km s−1) ranges from ∼5 × 1017 cm−2 at 90” resolution to ∼4 × 1019 cm−2 at the highest resolution of 7”. The H i mass sensitivity (3σ over 50 km s−1) is ∼5.5×105 M⊙ at a distance of 10 Mpc (the median distance of the sample galaxies). The velocity resolution of the data is 1.4 km s−1. One of the main science goals of the survey is the detection of cold accreting gas in the outskirts of the sample galaxies. The sample was selected to cover a range in H i masses from 107 M⊙ to almost 1011 M⊙ in order to optimally sample possible accretion scenarios and environments. The distance to the sample galaxies ranges from 3 to 23 Mpc. In this paper, we present the sample selection, survey design, and observation and reduction procedures. We compared the integrated H i fluxes based on the MeerKAT data with those derived from single-dish measurement and find good agreement, indicating that our MeerKAT observations are recovering all flux. We present H i moment maps of the entire sample based on the first ten percent of the survey data, and find that a comparison of the zeroth- and second-moment values shows a clear separation in the physical properties of the H i between areas with star formation and areas without related to the formation of a cold neutral medium. Finally, we give an overview of the H i-detected companion and satellite galaxies in the 30 fields, five of which have not previously been cataloged. We find a clear relation between the number of companion galaxies and the mass of the main target galaxy.

KW - galaxies: dwarf

KW - galaxies: evolution

KW - galaxies: ISM

KW - galaxies: spiral

KW - radio lines: galaxies

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85199128477&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1051/0004-6361/202348297

DO - 10.1051/0004-6361/202348297

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85199128477

SN - 0004-6361

VL - 688

SP - 1

EP - 34

JO - Astronomy and Astrophysics

JF - Astronomy and Astrophysics

M1 - A109

ER -

MHONGOOSE: A MeerKAT nearby galaxy H i survey

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

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