Multiknowledge and LLM-inspired heterogeneous graph neural network for fake news detection

The widespread diffusion of fake news has become a critical problem on dynamic social media worldwide, which requires effective strategies for fake news detection to alleviate its hazardous consequences for society. However, most recent efforts only focus on the features of news content and social context without realizing the benefits of large language models (LLMs) and multiple knowledge graphs (KGs), thus failing to improve detection capabilities further. To tackle this issue, we present a multiknowledge and LLM-inspired heterogeneous graph neural network for fake news detection (MiLk-FD), by combining KGs, LLMs, and graph neural networks (GNNs). Specifically, we first model news content as a heterogeneous graph (HG) containing news, entity, and topic nodes and then fuse the knowledge from three KGs to augment the factual basis of news articles. Meanwhile, we leverage TransE to initialize the knowledge features and employ LLaMa2-7B to obtain the initial feature vectors of news articles. After that, we utilize the devised HG transformer to learn news embeddings with specific feature distribution in high-dimensional spaces by aggregating neighborhood information according to metapaths. Finally, a classifier based on multilayer perceptron (MLP) is trained to predict each news article as fake or true. Through experiments, we demonstrate that our proposed framework surpasses ten baselines according to accuracy, precision, F1-score, recall, and ROC in four public real-world benchmarks (i.e., COVID-19, FakeNewsNet, PAN2020, Liar).