@inbook{0f0da2a83c094460a01858998ea94982,
title = "Multiple Stressors",
abstract = "This book has mostly considered marine contamination and the biological effects of contaminants acting as single stressorsSingle stressors. However, marine environments are rarely exposed to a single stressor, but rather experience a complex mix of many stressors. These stressors may be contaminants, such as the ones discussed in previous chapters (nutrients, chemicals, plastics as well as carbon dioxide), or they may be other stressors, such as invasive species, built infrastructure, aquaculture or fisheries, or climatic changes which themselves can contribute to contaminant stress, for example, nutrient loading is a well-known impact of aquaculture activities. All these stressors are ubiquitous in marine environments worldwide and have the potential to interact and have very different impacts compared to if they occurred singularly.",
author = "O{\textquoteright}Brien, \{Allyson L.\} and Katherine Dafforn and Anthony Chariton and Laura Airoldi and Sch{\"a}fer, \{Ralf B.\} and Mariana Mayer-Pinto",
note = "Copyright the Author(s) 20236. Version archived for private and non-commercial use with the permission of the author/s and according to publisher conditions. For further rights please contact the publisher. ",
year = "2023",
doi = "10.1007/978-3-031-10127-4\_14",
language = "English",
isbn = "9783031101267",
series = "Springer Textbooks in Earth Sciences, Geography and Environment",
publisher = "Springer, Springer Nature",
pages = "305--315",
editor = "Amanda Reichelt-Brushett",
booktitle = "Marine Pollution",
address = "United States",
}