Neuroprotective effects of chrysin: from chemistry to medicine

The World Health Organization estimated that the proportion of older people (over 60 years) will increase from 11% to 22% during next 40 years throughout the world. With respect to this, the morbidity and mortality rates of age-related diseases will increase. Mental diseases are the most common and important health problems among elderly people. Therefore, much attention has been paid to the discovery of neuroprotective drugs with high efficacy and negligible adverse effects. A growing body of scientific evidence has shown that phytochemicals possess neuroprotective effects and also mitigate neurodegeneration under both in vivo and in vitro conditions. Polyphenolic compounds, especially flavonoids, are known as most common chemical class of phytochemicals which possess a multiple range of health promoting effects. Chrysin, belonging to the flavone class, is one of the most important bioactive constituents of different fruits, vegetables and even mushrooms. Chrysin possesses potent neuroprotective effects and suppress neuroinflammation. In addition, chrysin improves cognitive decline and possesses a potent anti-amyloidogenic and neurotrophic effects. Furthermore, beneficial effects of chrysin on both depression and epilepsy have been reported. The present paper aimed to critically review the available literature data regarding the neuroprotective effects of chrysin as well as its chemistry, sources and bioavailability.