TY - JOUR
T1 - Neuroprotective effects of ginkgolide B against ischemic stroke
T2 - a review of current literature
AU - Nabavi, Seyed Mohammad
AU - Habtemariam, Solomon
AU - Daglia, Maria
AU - Braidy, Nady
AU - Loizzo, Monica Rosa
AU - Tundis, Rosa
AU - Nabavi, Seyed Fazel
PY - 2015/8/1
Y1 - 2015/8/1
N2 - Extensive evidences has shown the promising effects of Ginkgo biloba consumption on several diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson’s diseases, and ischemic stroke, etc. Several studies also have reported its beneficial role on motor activity and cognitive functions. This species contain a unique class of diterpenes, namely Ginkgolide B, which possess several pharmacological activities such as protective effect against cardiovascular disease; the most important causes of death worldwide. The promising effects of Ginkgolide B on stroke, both ischemic and hemorrhagic, are suggested by an overwhelming body of scientific evidences. Many studies have shown that the increase of sirt1 expression, the suppression of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-kB), the inhibition of the PI3K/Akt pathway and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/NF-kB, the up-regulation of heme oxygenase 1, erythropoietin secretion and anti-apoptotic protein expression, the inhibition of pro-apoptotic proteins expression, and the improvement of endothelial NO synthesis are the main molecular mechanisms involved in the protective effect of Ginkgolide B on ischemic stroke. In this review, all the available data on the chemistry, mechanisms of neuroprotection and clinical impacts of Ginkgolide B are critically discussed.
AB - Extensive evidences has shown the promising effects of Ginkgo biloba consumption on several diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson’s diseases, and ischemic stroke, etc. Several studies also have reported its beneficial role on motor activity and cognitive functions. This species contain a unique class of diterpenes, namely Ginkgolide B, which possess several pharmacological activities such as protective effect against cardiovascular disease; the most important causes of death worldwide. The promising effects of Ginkgolide B on stroke, both ischemic and hemorrhagic, are suggested by an overwhelming body of scientific evidences. Many studies have shown that the increase of sirt1 expression, the suppression of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-kB), the inhibition of the PI3K/Akt pathway and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/NF-kB, the up-regulation of heme oxygenase 1, erythropoietin secretion and anti-apoptotic protein expression, the inhibition of pro-apoptotic proteins expression, and the improvement of endothelial NO synthesis are the main molecular mechanisms involved in the protective effect of Ginkgolide B on ischemic stroke. In this review, all the available data on the chemistry, mechanisms of neuroprotection and clinical impacts of Ginkgolide B are critically discussed.
KW - Antioxidant
KW - Ginkgo biloba
KW - Ginkgolide B
KW - Inflammation
KW - Ischemic stroke
KW - Neuroprotection
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84939839667&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.2174/1568026615666150610142647
DO - 10.2174/1568026615666150610142647
M3 - Article
C2 - 26059355
AN - SCOPUS:84939839667
SN - 1568-0266
VL - 15
SP - 2222
EP - 2232
JO - Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry
JF - Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry
IS - 21
ER -